Leandro Valim de Freitas

Technology and Society Public Perception: A Structural Equation Modeling Study of the Brazilian Undergraduate Students’ Opinions and Attitudes from Sao Paulo State

© 2012 Veraszto et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Technology and Society Public Perception: A Structural Equation Modeling Study of the Brazilian Undergraduate Students’ Opinions and Attitudes from Sao Paulo State

Contributions of Multivariate Statistics in Oil and Gas Industry

Pasquini and Bueno (2007) have proposed a new approach to predict the true boiling point of oil and its degree API (American Petroleum Institute) a measure of the relative density of liquids by Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Samples of mixtures oil were obtained from various producing regions of Brazil and abroad. In this application, the models obtained by the PLS method were superior to neural networks. The short time required for prediction the properties justifies the proposed of characterization the oil quicker to monitor refining processes.

Multivariate Modeling in Quality Control of Viscosity in Fuel: An Application in Oil Industry

Out of specification values can decrease the fuel volatilization, thus implying, in an incomplete combustion (Pontes et al., 2010). This physicochemical property can vary significantly with the modification of the cast during the processing of crude in a refinery (Figure 1), maintaining the same conditions of production control, which compromises the quality standards. This leads to the need to determine the viscosity or provide it as often as possible in lieu of performing the traditional point analysis in the laboratory that can take long time.

Chemometric Methods for the Optimization of the Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Drinking and Wastewater

Advanced Oxidative Processes (AOP) have been successfully employed as efficient water treatment methods. The utilization of AOP on drinking and wastewater represents currently an alternative to costly, hazardous, and slow processes. In order to further establish the ground basis for AOP in water safety and security, reliable and consistent methods of analysis are required. As an alternative to basic statistical methods, which may not successfully describe and forecast the application of a given treatment methodology of water, the use of chemometrics has increased significantly over the past decades. Chemometric analyses are an intersection between analytical chemistry and applied statistical models in order to predict and extract information from a given condition. This chapter introduces the concepts of chemometrics in environmental engineering issues and the utilization of experimental design to efficiently analyze experimental data in environmental samples. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the importance of chemometrics in water analyses: (1) considering a Taguchi L16 experimental design, and an optimization study using Response Surface Methodology, to evaluate photo-Fenton and ozone AOP-based treatment on an effluent with high concentration of organic matter; (2) using a Taguchi L9 array to evaluate the combination of photocatalytic degradation and AOP of an industrial effluent. The results showed in this chapter demonstrate how a given statistical method can be successfully employed within the intersection of environmental analyses and water issues.

Multivariate Analysis in Advanced Oxidation Process

Industrial processes can create a wide variety of chemicals that pollute the air and water, with adverse impacts to ecosystems and humans. These impacts are caused by the polluting compounds that have toxic, carcinogenic, and also mutagenic properties (Busca et al., 2008). The treatment of wastewater containing phenolic compounds can be accomplished using applied principles of chemical oxidation, settling, membrane filtration, osmosis, ion, precipitation, and coagulation among other methods (Lin; Juang, 2009).