Lee R. Stover

A METHOD FOR CORING INLAND, FRESHWATER WETLAND SOILS

Currently, no method exists to core large volumes of inland freshwater wetland soils that maintains stratigraphic integrity, minimizes unnecessary disturbance, and cores up to a depth of 50 cm. Our objective was to create a large-volume soil coring device that could be applied with consistency to a variety of wetland substrates. The result is a hand-operated soil corer that resembles the aluminum irrigation pipe corer that DeLaune et al. (1978) used to core soft marshy substrates. Instead of aluminum pipe, we used regular steel stovepipe and a variety of tools for insertion. After the sample is extracted from the sediment, the handle can be quickly removed for ease of transportation and storage of a core. The stovepipe can be cut open to expose the soil sample so that it can easily be sectioned for incremental analysis. The corer was used to take 130 samples in 18 different sites, spanning many different wetland substrate types. Our method has many applications, including radiochronologic dating, seed bank analysis, bulk density measurement, and soil contaminants analysis.

Height and diameter growth of dense Populus plantations in response to fertilization and irrigation

Abstract Survival, height and diameter for the first four year rotation were measured on two intensively cultured Populus hybrid plantations in central Pennsylvania. Treatments of control, irrigation, fertilization and fertilization/irrigation were installed on two sites and in two establishment years. Overall treatment survival was not affected by site but values were lower for 1980 planted trees (83%) than 1981 planted trees (90%). Survival values among the treatments were similar until the later ages of the first rotation. Treatments with fertilizers had lower four-year-old survival (78%) than the treatments without fertilizers (86%). The four-year-old control trees averaged 5.3 and 6.8 m in height, and 3.4 and 4.2 cm in diameter for the 1980 and 1981 establishment years, respectively. Fertilization, with or without irrigation, consistently increased annual height and diameter over the control. Fertilization/irrigation did not result in tree size values that were greater than fertilization. In general, there were inconsistent increases in annual height and diameter from irrigation.