Leopoldo Baudet

RECOBRIMENTO DE SEMENTES DE SOJA COM MICRONUTRIENTES, FUNGICIDA E POLÍMERO 1

Seed coating is being used to incorporate pesticides, biological hormones, micronutrients and polymers that provide better performance for seeds, seedlings and plants in advanced stages of the crop. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean seed cv. BRS 153 coating on seed quality and seedling performance. Coating was made with three doses of micronutrients: 1; 2 and 4 mL/kg seeds; one fungicide: Derosal Plus® (Carbendazim + Thiram) and a polymer (Laborsan Red Solid Pam Bril® + color agent). Evaluations were made in the laboratory, greenhouse and in the field and consisted of standard germination, first count of germination, accelerated ageing, seedling length, emergence and germination speed index in the greenhouse and field emergence; The results allowed the following conclusions: a) coating soybean seeds with micronutrients, fungicide and polymer provide better uniformity (adherence, distribution and coloration) to the seeds. b) soybean seed coating does not affect its quality and performance up to 2mL micronutrient per kg of seed, if a limit of 6mL final liquid mixture per kg is observed; and c) micronutrient dosage of 4mL/kg seed is phytotoxic when seeds are coated.

Armazenamento em sistema a frio de sementes de soja tratadas com fungicida

The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological quality and health of soybean seeds, treated or not with fungicide Dipheconazol in the dosage of 0,05g i.a./kg- of seeds, in an open storage with cooling system. The seeds stored in the upper portion of two piles of 1.200 bags each, in the 23rd ballast (penultimate), in several positions in relation to the central duct of aeration of the cooling system, were evaluated for standard germination, vigor (accelerated ageing, field emergence and tetrazolium) and health (blotter test) during a period of eight months. Soybean seeds with initial moisture content of 14%, store in the upper part of the piles with cooling aeration system, reduced its physiological quality after two months of storage. The seeds treated with fungicide showed better performance in the initial periods of storage, but not after four months. The seed moisture content variation over the storage period was significant, starting with 14% ending with 10%. After 30 days, even so, the seeds still showed 13,8% moisture content, being probable the cause of reduction of the physiological quality. The reduction of 0,6 percentage points per month of storage was not sufficient to delay deterioration effects on seeds.

Performance of zinc coated irrigated rice seeds

A cultura do arroz constitui um dos principais cereais que apresenta alta resposta a aplicacao de zinco, sendo a cultura mais sensivel a deficiencia deste elemento. O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos do recobrimento de diferentes doses de zinco em sementes de arroz irrigado, sobre o desempenho das sementes e os componentes do rendimento. O trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Pelotas no ano agricola de 2006/07. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicacao de uma mistura de sulfato de zinco heptahidratado (22% Zn), com seis doses: zero; 0,37; 0,47; 0,57; 0,67 e 0,77 g kg-1 de semente. Alem do recobrimento com sulfato de zinco, utilizou-se para todos os tratamentos uma mistura de fungicida (3 mL kg-1), polimero CF Clear® (200 mg kg-1) e corante (4 mL kg-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente casualizado com quatro repeticoes. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada por meio do teste de germinacao e testes de vigor (comprimento da parte aerea e raiz, biomassa seca da parte aerea e raiz de plântulas). Em casa de vegetacao foram avaliados, ainda, os componentes do rendimento (numero de paniculas por planta, numero de graos por panicula e peso de graos por planta). Com base nos resultados obtiveram-se as seguintes conclusoes: 1 - O recobrimento de sementes de arroz com o zinco, dosagem de 0,77 g kg-1 de semente, aumenta o numero de graos por panicula e peso de graos por planta em condicoes de casa de vegetacao. 2 - Sementes de arroz recobertas com zinco geram plântulas com maior crescimento. 3 - O recobrimento das sementes com zinco nao afeta a germinacao.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) pollen storage

Experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratorio de Melhoramento Genetico da Embrapa Clima Temperado, em Pelotas, RS, com o objetivo de avaliar, in vitro, o potencial de armazenamento dos graos de polen de cebola da cv. Petrolini, em diferentes condicoes por dois anos. Para tanto, avaliou-se a percentagem de germinacao do grao de polen apos um e dois anos de armazenamento em criotubos, acondicionados em nitrogenio liquido (-196oC), e em frascos de vidro acondicionados no interior de dessecador contendo acido sulfurico e mantidos em freezer (-18oC). O polen conservado por um ano em nitrogenio liquido foi entao transferido para um refrigerador, registrando-se a percentagem de germinacao apos 10, 15, 20 e 30 dias de permanencia neste. O armazenamento em nitrogenio liquido foi o melhor ambiente para a conservacao dos graos de polen durante dois anos. As amostras armazenadas, por um ano, em nitrogenio liquido, que foram transferidas para refrigerador, conservaram-se viaveis por ate dez dias.

QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE SOJA ARMAZENADAS APÓS RECOBRIMENTO COM AMINOÁCIDO, POLÍMERO, FUNGICIDA E INSETICIDA 1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean seed coating treatment with amino acid, polymer, fungicide and insecticide on physiological and health quality. The treatments were: 1) control; 2) fungicide (Fludioxonil + Metalaxil); 3) amino acid (PT-4-0®); 4) polymer (Polyseed CF®+ Colorseed®); 5) fungicide + amino acid; 6) fungicide + insecticide (Thiametoxam); 7) fungicide + polymer; 8) fungicide + insecticide + polymer; and 9) fungicide + amino acid + insecticide. Germination, vigor and seed health were evaluated. The seeds were stored for six months and evaluations done every 60 days. The application of amino acid alone positively affected seed germination but when combined with fungicide and polymer there was no improvement in seed performance. Germination was negatively affected by using fungicides but the combination of fungicide and polymer had no effect. Fungicide application reduced fungus incidence, except for Cercospora sp. The use of polymer did not affect fungus control by the fungicide, indicating that this combination can be used.

Coating of primed carrot seeds.

Vegetable production plays a major socio-economic role because it is labor intensive.The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of carrot seed after priming (osmotic preconditioning), fungicide treatment and polymer film coating. Carrot seeds cv. Brazlândia were provided by Hortec, Bage / RS and submitted to priming with an aerated solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) at - 0.8 MPA for 10 hours. Seeds were then rinsed with distilled water and oven dried until moisture content was 7%. The seeds were treated with Captan 750 TS® (750g a.i.) fungicide at a dosage of 0.2% and coated with the polymer Colorseed® at a dosage of 50 ml.kg-1. Seed treatments were: no osmoconditioning (NCOND), with osmoconditioning (COND), no polymer (SP), with polymer (CP), no fungicide (SF) and with fungicide (CF), making up the following combinations: 1) NCOND SP SF, 2) NCOND CP SF, 3) NCOND SP CF, 4) NCOND CP CF, 5) COND SP SF, 6) COND CP SF, 7) COND SP CF e 8) COND SP CF. Seed quality was evaluated using the following tests: germination, cold, modified accelerated aging, greenhouse emergence, germination and emergence velocity index, seedling length, seedling dry and fresh matter weight. The statistical design was completely randomized in a 2 (primed and not-primed seeds) x 4 (treatments with fungicide and polymer) factorial, with four replications. Averages were compared by the Duncan test at the 5% significance level. Osmoconditioning increases the speed of germination and seedling emergence; the application of polymer and fungicide on osmoconditioned carrot seed did not affect seedling vigor and regardless of the coating and/or fungicide treatment, the osmoconditioned seeds performed better.

Produtividade de plantas de soja provenientes de sementes tratadas com fósforo

O recobrimento de sementes possui potencial para tornar-se um fator de impacto no setor sementeiro, ja que possibilita aderir uma vasta gama de materiais as sementes. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar fontes e doses de fosforo aderidas as sementes de soja e recobertas por uma camada protetora de polimero. Foram usadas 4 doses de Fitina e de Fosfato bicalcico, sendo elas: 0,0; 0,7; 1,4 e 2,1 g/100g de semente. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em dois tipos de solo nos quais as plantas se desenvolveram: alta e baixa disponibilidade de fosforo, partindo-se de um solo com disponibilidade inicial de P de 10,5 mg dm-3, na qual em um solo houve correcao de fertilidade com 60 kg ha-1 de super fosfato triplo, e em outro nao, respectivamente. O polimero utilizado para o recobrimento foi aplicado na dose de 0,8 mL/100g de sementes. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 3 repeticoes, sendo as unidades experimentais dispostas em vasos com capacidade para 12 L, utilizando-se 3 plantas por vaso. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: numero de sementes por planta, massa de sementes por planta e peso de mil sementes. O recobrimento de sementes de soja com fosforo aumenta a produtividade, dependendo das fontes e doses de fosforo usadas. A dose de 21 gramas de Fitina por 1 kilo de sementes aumenta a produtividade da cultura da soja em mais de 14%.

Recobrimento de sementes de arroz irrigado com ácido giberélico, fungicidas e polímero

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coating rice seeds cv. Arrank on seed quality and seedling performance. Seeds were coated a synthetic solution of giberellic acid (GA3) in three doses: 0,25; 0,50 and 0,75g.50kg-1 of seeds; two fungicides: carboxim + thiram and fludioxinil + metalaxyl; adhesive (polyvinyl acetate); binders (vermiculite + calcareous) and polymer (CF Clear® + coloring agent). The experiment was installed in the laboratory and a greenhouse. Seed quality and seedling performance were evaluated by the standard germination and cold tests in the laboratory and bye estimate of the average period of emergence and emergence in a greenhouse. Trays were used in the greenhouse with soil at 18 ± 5oC. A completely randomized design in a simple factorial scheme was used with four replications. The results showed that the polymer CF Clear® provided adequate covering of the seeds showing good appearance. The seeds coated with carboxim + thiram fungicide associated with the different doses showed presented better results. The dosage of 0,50g.50kg-1 of seeds is recommended for seed coating with synthetic GA3 solution.

Influência da mesa densimétrica na qualidade de sementes de cultivares de tabaco

There is little information available on the cleaning of small seeds, especially in tobacco, where they show significant differences in specific gravity due to maturation differences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological attributes and health of tobacco seeds separated on a densimetric table with independent experiments using the seeds of seven cultivars. The seeds were air cleaned and then separated on the table. The end of the outlet of the 50cm wide table was divided into four sections plus an exit for any stones. The treatments consisted of six fractions: one from the input hopper and four from the top, medium high, medium low and low sections and also one from the outlet for stones. The physiological quality of the tobacco seeds collected from the upper discharging zone of the densimetric table was significantly higher than that of seeds collected from the lower sections. Discarding seeds discharged from the lower part of the table contributes to the improvement of the physiological quality of tobacco seed lots.

Hidrocondicionamento de sementes de cebola

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of onion seeds after pre-conditioning with water (hydroconditioning), and treatment with fungicide and polymer. Onion seeds cv. Bola Precoce, provided by Hortec, were used and hydroconditioned with distilled water for 5.0 g seed samples between two sheets of Germitest germination paper with 2.5 times the dry weight of the paper, for 24 hours at 25 °C. After hydroconditioning, seeds were dried in an air-forced oven at ±35 °C for 20 hours until they reached 7% moisture content. They were then treated with Captan® fungicide at a dose of 2 g.kg-1 and coated with the polymer Colorseed Rigran® at a dose of 50 mL.kg-1. The treatments were: 1-control; 2-seed + fungicide; 3 seed + polymer; 4-seed + fungicide + polymer; 5-hydroconditioned seed; 6- hydroconditioned seed + fungicide; 7-hydroconditioned seed + polymer; 8- hydroconditioned seed + fungicide+ polymer. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications and averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% significance level. Results showed that hydroconditioned onion seeds promote speed of emergence and the percentage of seedlings emerged. Hydroconditioned seeds produced larger seedlings and more biomass. Polymer use adversely affects onion seed vigor.