Luiz Marcelo Costa Dutra

Populações de plantas e estratégias de manejo de irrigação na cultura da soja

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito do manejo da irrigacao e da populacao de plantas sobre o rendimento de graos em soja semeada apos a epoca recomenda. O experimento foi conduzido de janeiro a maio de 2005 na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repeticoes. Nas parcelas principais foram distribuidos tres manejos de irrigacao: 1) nao-irrigado; 2) irrigado todo o ciclo; e 3) irrigado nos periodos criticos. Nas subparcelas foram distribuidas duas populacoes de plantas (250.000 e 400.000 plantas ha-1). Para as plantas irrigadas todo o ciclo ou somente nos periodos criticos, o rendimento de graos nao diferiu entre as populacoes testadas. O rendimento de graos das plantas nao-irrigadas teve um incremento de 21% com o aumento da populacao de plantas para 400.000 plantas ha-1.

Tamanho ótimo de parcela e número de repetições em soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril)

With the objective of verifying if different cultivars of soybean modify the estimates of the optimum plot size and of the numbers of replications, an experiment was conduced in the agriculturist year of 2000/01 in area pertaining to the Department of Crop Science in Santa Maria University Campus. Two cultivars of soybean were used (BRS 137 and Fepagro-RS10), conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. The size of plot was evaluated through the method of maximum modified bending. The test of parallelism of SEBER (1976), was used to verify the heterogeneousness of reply among tested cultivars. The number of replications was estimated through the described methodology for HATHEWAY (1961). It can be concluded that to cultivars studied the number of replications that confers an adequate accuracy is equal to seven and the optimum plot size is 3.96m2.

QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE SOJA ARMAZENADAS APÓS RECOBRIMENTO COM AMINOÁCIDO, POLÍMERO, FUNGICIDA E INSETICIDA 1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean seed coating treatment with amino acid, polymer, fungicide and insecticide on physiological and health quality. The treatments were: 1) control; 2) fungicide (Fludioxonil + Metalaxil); 3) amino acid (PT-4-0®); 4) polymer (Polyseed CF®+ Colorseed®); 5) fungicide + amino acid; 6) fungicide + insecticide (Thiametoxam); 7) fungicide + polymer; 8) fungicide + insecticide + polymer; and 9) fungicide + amino acid + insecticide. Germination, vigor and seed health were evaluated. The seeds were stored for six months and evaluations done every 60 days. The application of amino acid alone positively affected seed germination but when combined with fungicide and polymer there was no improvement in seed performance. Germination was negatively affected by using fungicides but the combination of fungicide and polymer had no effect. Fungicide application reduced fungus incidence, except for Cercospora sp. The use of polymer did not affect fungus control by the fungicide, indicating that this combination can be used.

Metodologia experimental para rendimento de grãos de soja em condições de restrição de espaço

The aim of this research was to optimize experimental planning for soybean crop in experiments with restrictions for grain yield, in order to reduce experimental plot size. The experiment was carried out at Santa Maria Federal University, in the agricultural year of 2000/2001, using a randomized block design, with three replicates, and two soybean cultivars (BRS137 and Fepagro RS10) used as treatments. Each replication was constituted by 18 rows of 8-m long and 44 cm of spacing between rows. Harvest was performed in basic units (ub) of 1 m of row (0.44 m2), totaling 144 ub. Plot size and true difference between treatment means were estimated by Hatheway method, with three different numbers of replications (4, 8 and 16) to verify, in the grain yield variable, which combination would minimize experimental area for soybean crop. The same plot size can be used for different soybean cultivars, keeping constant precision degree and number of replicates. Experiments can be optimized using larger number of replications and reducing plot size.

ÍNDICE DE ÁREA FOLIAR DE TRÊS CULTIVARES DE ARROZ IRRIGADO

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted on a ALBAQUALF soil of the Vacacai Mapping Unit located on the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria during the 1986/87 growing season. The objective was to observe the conduct of the leaf area index of three irrigated rice varieties (EEA 406, BLUEBELLE and BR-IRGA 409) and with different morphological traits. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replications. Treatments were the three varieties. Variety EEA 406 had the highest values the leaf area and leaf area index (LAI), in all the growth stages, followed by varieties BLUEBELLE and BR-IRGA 409. The leaf size was the component that more affected leaf area and leaf area index, for the three varieties.

Comportamento da cultivar BR-IPAGRO 44-guapo brilhante de feijoeiro em quatro populaçções de plantas na safrinha em Santa Maria-RS

The common bean cultivar Guapo Brilhante, type II, was grown during the latter season of 2001 in Santa Maria-RS, Brazil, in four plant populations (200, 300, 400, and 500 thousand plants ha-1). The experiment design was randomized blocks with four replications. The grain yield, yield components and some morphological traits were evaluated. The highest estimated yield was 2684kg ha-1 with 337 thousand plants ha-1, demonstrating that, with proper cultural practices, in the latter season, it is possible to produce almost three times more than the best production average of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil in the 90 decade. The increase in plant population increases the first pod height, first pod base height, and the number of internodes. With 400 thousand plants ha-1 the first pod height and the first pod base height are enough to mechanic harvesting, but with potential losses.

Acúmulo de massa seca em três cultivares de arroz irrigado com diferentes arquiteturas de plantas

This experiment was carried out in an Halbaqualf soil to study the dry matter accumulation of three flooded rice cultivars. A complete randomized block design was used, with tive replication. Plant dry matter was measured in seven different growth stages. The cultivar EEA 406 had a higherdry matter accumulation than the cultivar Bluebelle without including grain and panicle. At maturity, the BR-IRGA 409 cultivar showed higher total dry matter. This demonstrate a better capacity of this variety in alocating assimilates into grains a higher efficiency in converting solar energy into plant biomass. The Bluebelle had lower efficiency. The dry matter accumulation increased for the three varieties from seeding to flowering into colm and, from flowering to harvest into panicles and grain. The maximum dry matter accumulation in roots was observed at flowering, eighty days after emergency.

Efeitos da população de plantas e de tratamento fitossanitário no rendimento de grãos do feijoeiro comum, cultivar "TPS Nobre"

Three experiments were conducted in Santa Maria and Constantina - Rio Grande do Sul State - Brazil, to determine the effect of plant population on disease occurrence in common bean (type II grown) in the first and second growing season and to determine the most appropriate plant population. The experiment was established as a split-plot randomized block design with five replications. The results showed that there was no effect of plant population in disease incidence. The high plant populations provided higher or similar grain yield compared with the grain yield of the low plant populations.

Rendimentos de grãos, seus componentes e características morfológicas do fejoeiro comum cultivado em quatro densidades de semeadura na safrinha

The common bean cultivar Irai, type I, was grown during the latter season of 2001 in Santa Maria-RS, in four plant populations (200, 300, 400, and 500 thousand plants ha-1). The experiment design used randomized blocks with four replications. The grain yield, yield components and some morphological traits were evaluated. There were no significant differences among populations in grain yield, number of pods m-2, number of grains pod-1, average weight of hundred grains, and plant high.

RENDIMENTO DE GRÃOS, ÍNDICE DE COLHEITA E COMPONENTES DO RENDIMENTO DE TRÊS CULTIVARES DE ARROZ IRRIGADO

RESUMO O experimento foi conduzido em solo classificado como Planos-solo da Unidade de Mapeamento Vacacai, no ano agricola de 1986/87, no Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-RS. O objetivo do trabalho foi relacionar o rendimento de graos, componentes do rendimento e indice de colheita de tres cultivares de arroz irrigado (EEA 406, BLUEBELLE e BR-409), e que apresentam caracteristicas morfologicas distintas quanto ao potencial de rendimento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco repeticoes, sendo que os tratamentos foram constituidos pelas tres cultivares. Os maiores rendimentos de graos foram alcancados pelas cultivares BR-IRGA 409 e EEA 406, equivalentes entre si. A cultivar BLUEBELLE teve o menor rendimento de graos, nao diferindo estatisticamente da EEA 406. A BR-IRGA 409 e mais eficiente no transporte de fotoassimilados para os graos (indice de colheita) que as demais cultivares, as quais apresentaram a mesma eficiencia. Houve baixa relacao entre os dados de indice de colheita e rendimento de graos para as tres cultivares. Os dados de componentes do rendimento nao descreveram adequadamente os rendimentos de graos obtidos pelas cultivares, por causa, principalmente, de erros quanto ao tamanho da amostra utilizada.