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Determination of Heat Requirements and Effective Heat Summations of Some Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in Southern Anatolia

Temperature (high and low) is one of the most limiting environmental factors for growth and production of fruits in different parts of the world. For temperate-zone fruit species, a certain total heat requirements are needed in order to obtain ripe fruits. The aim of this study was to determine heat requirements of three commercial pomegranate cultivars (‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’) grown in Southern Anatolia region. The cultivars showed a narrower range of heat requirements for flowering (growing degree hours, GDH), i.e. ‘Suruc’ (25,000), ‘Katirbasi’ (25,270), ‘Hicaznar’ (28,000) and a wide range of heat requirements for fruit ripening, i.e. ‘Suruc’ (73,670), ‘Katirbasi’ (74,105) and ‘Hicaznar’ (88,052) GDH. Under the Sanliurfa province conditions, two years average of effective heat summation requirement from bud swelling to 50xa0% flowering stage for ‘Suruc’, ‘Katirbasi’ and ‘Hicaznar’ cultivars are calculated as 643, 655 and 718 growing degree days (GDD) and from bud swelling to harvest are 2734, 2802 and 3289 GDD. It can be concluded that the effective heat summation of Sanliurfa province is enough for commercial growing for all pomegranate cultivars.ZusammenfassungDie Temperatur (hoch und niedrig) ist eine der begrenzenden Umweltfaktoren für das Wachstum und die Produktion von Früchten in verschiedenen Teilen der Welt. Obstarten, die in den gemäßigten Zonen wachsen, haben einen bestimmten Gesamtwärmebedarf, um reife Früchte auszubilden. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Wärmebedarf von drei kommerziellen Sorten (‚Suruc‘, ‚Katirbasi‘ und ‚Hicaznar‘) von Granatapfel zu bestimmen, die in der Region Süd-Anatolien wachsen. Die Sorten zeigten einen gering abweichenden Wärmebedarfsanspruch während der Blüte (GDHxa0= growing degree hours), ‚Suruc‘ (25.000), ‚Katirbasi‘ (25.270), ‚Hicaznar‘ (28.000), und einen unterschiedlichen Wärmebedarfsanspruch für die Fruchtreife, ‚Suruc‘ (73.670), ‚Katirbasi‘ (74.105) und ‚Hicaznar‘ (88.052) GDH. Unter den Bedingungen der Provinz Sanliurfa wurde 2 Jahre lang der durchschnittliche effektive Gesamtwärmebedarf vom Knospenschwellen bis zu 50xa0% Blütenöffnung für die Sorten ‚Suruc‘, ‚Katirbasi‘ und ‚Hicaznar‘ als growing degree days (GDD) mit 643, 655 und 718 GDD ermittelt und vom Knospenschwellen bis zur Ernte wurden 2734, 2802 und 3289 GDD berechnet. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass die effektive Wärmesumme in der Provinz Sanliurfa ausreicht, um Granatapfel-Sorten kommerziell anzubauen.

Storage studies of different stages of Anthocoris minki Dohrn (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) under low temperatures

The goal of this study was to evaluate the biological parameters of the predator Anthocoris minki Dohrn (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) over various periods of growth at low temperatures. Storage studies were conducted for the following three stages: 1) 1-3 stage nymphs, 2) 4-5 stage nymphs, and 3) adult stages. All stages of the predator were stored at 7, 11, and 15 ± 1°C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 days under continuous scotophase. During storage, food eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were added once a week. Following storage, the predator was transferred to long day periods (16:8 [L:D] h, 25 ±1 C). A lower survival rate (7.33%) was determined for the 1-3 nymph stage following storage at 7°C for 40 days. The highest survival percentage (90.0-92.0%) was determined for 1-3 stage nymphs and adult stage stored at 11°C for 10-30 days. The largest quantity of eggs was obtained when A. minki was stored at 11°C. Overall, our results indicated that A. minki can be stored for up to 40 days at 11°C.

Örtü Altı Domates Yetiştiriciliğinde Domates Güvesi (Tuta absoluta Meyrick)’ne Karşı Kullanılan Feromon ve Ferolite Tuzaklarının Etkinliğinin Karşılaştırılması

Bu calisma, 2011-2012 sera uretim mevsiminde Cumra (Konya) ilcesinde bulunan seralarda Domates Guvesi [ Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917)]’nin mucadelesinde kullanilan feromon ve Ferolite tuzaklarinin etkinligini tespit etmek amaciyla yurutulmustur. Iki adet beser da seralara (1 ve 2 nolu sera) ikiser adet delta tipi esey feromon tuzaklari ve birer adet Ferolite ismi verilen hem isik hem de esey feromon tuzagi kombinasyonu olarak kullanilan tuzaklarla, zararlinin kitle halinde yakalanip, tuzaklarin etkinligi karsilastirilmistir. Haftalik yapilan kontrollerde tuzaklardaki yakalanan ergin bireyler kaydedilerek, populasyon gelisimi saptanmistir. Bir ve 2 nolu seralarda esey feromon tuzaklarinda yakalanan ortalama ergin sayisi en fazla sirasiyla 640 ve 626 adet/hafta, Ferolite tuzaklarinda yakalanan ergin sayisi ise sirasiyla 1250 ve 1525 adet/hafta olarak tespit edilmistir . Tuzaklarin etkililigini arastirmak icin yapilan t testi sonucunda, 1 ve 2 nolu seralardaki feromon ve Ferolite tuzaklarinda yakalanan ergin sayilarinin t degeri sirasiyla -2.02 ve -2.15 bulundugu, aralarindaki farkin istatistiki olarak onemli oldugu tespit edilmistir (P<0.05). Ferolite tuzaklarindaki ergin birey sayisinin, esey feromon tuzaklarindaki ergin birey sayisindan iki kat fazla oldugu bulunmustur. Sonuc olarak, Ferolite tuzaklarina, hem erkek hem de disi bireyler gelmesinden dolayi feromon tuzaklarina gore daha etkili olduklari saptanmistir. Tuta absoluta ’nin mucadelesinde Ferolite tuzaklarin kitle yakalama teknigi icin basariyla kullanilabilecegi, esey feromonlariyla populasyonunun belirlenip azaltilabilecegi ve boylelikle bulasiklik oraninin, ergin sayilari azaltilarak dusurulebilecegi kanisina varilmistir.