Licinio da Silva Portugal

Indicadores do desenho urbano e sua relação com a propensão a caminhada

The propensity of people to travel on foot involves diverse conditions, often categorized by the term walkability. Various studies have been conducted to establish both the factors that influence walkability and the indicators used to measure it. Particular interest has been focused on the built environment, specifically the urban design, represented by the road network. The configuration of this network, its density and connectivity affect the times and continuity of travel on foot as well as the number of alternative routes. Based on a review of the literature and the indexes available in graph theory, we establish the most suitable indicators to represent to urban design, which can be used to investigate the influence of the configuration of the network on peoples propensity to travel on foot. Conceptually, indicators based on cycles tend to explain connectivity better. From this review and in exploratory form, we suggest a scale based on easily obtained indicators that express the potential of a given area to favor walking, according to its configuration. This scale can contribute to choice the most suitable areas for establishing trip generation hubs oriented to pedestrians.

Fatores intervenientes na relação entre a inclusão social e o trem considerando as favelas e as taxas de embarque observadas nas estações

Reduction of inequality and social exclusion is a global concern. In Brazil, this theme has particular bearing on residents of favelas, which are generally isolated spatially from the rest of the city because of a lack of harmony between the transportation and habitation sectors. A path toward a solution to the problem is to improve accessibility by increasing the use of public transportation, including by the construction of low-cost housing and concentration of activities near commuter train stations. This study examines the factors influencing the relationship between the people who live in favelas and their use of commuter trains. These communities and stations are important trip generation hubs, reinforcing the need for this articulation. The factors that discourage/encourage access to stations indicate how to intervene in the transportation area. These proposals need to be put into effect by inclusive public policies that seek to integrate individuals in the social milieu, by establishing standards of accessibility in different spaces that help harmonize the mobility of favela residents with that of other city dwellers.

Acessibilidade na Região Amazônica através do transporte hidroviário

The study of accessibility standards can effectively contribute to sustainable and equitable development of certain regions. This is based on the identification, prioritization and selection of investment alternatives most appropriate for the transport sector given the local situation. Therefore, this article has proposed o identify the of accessibility provided by the water transport of passengers on some key areas that form the Amazon region, verifying the locations with better movement and those that need more investment. Considering impedance factors such as time, distance and price, accessibility indicators were calculated for specific locations in the Amazon region. The cities surveyed were classified according to five categories as excellent, good, fair, poor or very poor accessibility. Among the results has been that municipalities closer to Manaus have excellent or good accessibility while those more distant are disadvantaged, deserving of greater attention of the public authority.

Transporte, uso e ocupação na cidade de Petrópolis, RJ, Brasil

Objetiva-se analisar a distribuicao do sistema de transporte e a dinâmica de ocupacao municipal na cidade Imperial de Petropolis, localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Parte-se da premissa de que a acessibilidade representa um elemento chave para propiciar a igualdade espacial na distribuicao das oportunidades que um territorio dispoe a seu favor. A verificacao da distribuicao desigual da acessibilidade em trabalhos elaborados nas cidades brasileiras reforca a necessidade da sua avaliacao no âmbito municipal. A metodologia e constituida de revisao conceitual, de elaboracao e processamento dos dados, de elaboracao de mapas tematicos e na avaliacao do comportamento dos indicadores de acessibilidade. Os resultados ora indicam uma distribuicao equitativa, ora demonstram a consolidacao de um padrao de desenvolvimento desigual do territorio, evidenciando a complexidade da sua avaliacao.

Um procedimento baseado na acessibilidade para a concepção de Planos Estratégicos de Mobilidade Urbana: o caso do Brasil

espanolEn todo el mundo se esta planteando la necesidad de un plan de movilidad urbana comprometido con la sostenibilidad, aunque su formulacion representa un desafio conceptual y practico. En Brasil, a pesar de ser un requisito legal, solo una parte insignificante de las ciudades cuenta con tal instrumento. Entre las razones para ello se plantean dificultades en el uso de las metodologias tradicionales. En este contexto, se propone desarrollar un procedimiento destinado a establecer la base para la definicion de estrategias relacionadas con la accesibilidad, con el fin de promover la movilidad sostenible. El diseno de este procedimiento esta destinado a ayudar a superar las limitaciones que generalmente se observan en los enfoques convencionales, destacando el concepto de accesibilidad por su potencial de articulacion entre el transporte y el uso del suelo. En esta ocasion se lo ha ajustado a las especificidades de las metropolis brasilenas. Se espera asi contribuir para que el Plan de Movilidad cumpla con su mision y sea un instrumento de transformacion en sintonia con el interes publico. EnglishThe formulation of urban mobility plans committed to sustainability has been advocated throughout the world, but this task presents conceptual and practical challenges. In Brazil, although this is a legal requirement, only a small fraction of cities have developed such plans. Among the excuses given is the difficulty of using the traditional methods. In this context, we describe a procedure that establishes the bases for definition of strategies associated with accessibility, with the aim of promoting sustainable mobility. The conception of this procedure aims to help overcome the restrictions typically observed in conventional approaches, with the accessibility concept standing out for its potential for articulation between transportation systems and land use patterns. We have tailored this procedure to the specific features of large Brazilian metropolitan regions. Our aim is to help mobility planning accomplish its mission and to serve as an instrument for transformation in line with the public interest. portuguesA elaboracao de um plano de mobilidade urbana comprometido com a sustentabilidade vem sendo defendida em todo o mundo, sendo que a sua formulacao representa um desafio conceitual e pratico. No Brasil, apesar de ser uma exigencia legal, apenas uma parcela irrisoria das cidades a atende. Dentre os motivos se alegam dificuldades quanto ao uso das metodologias tradicionais. Nesse contexto, intenciona-se desenvolver um procedimento que estabeleca as bases para a definicao de estrategias associadas a acessibilidade com vistas a promocao de uma mobilidade sustentavel. A concepcao deste procedimento pretende contribuir para superar restricoes tipicamente observadas nas abordagens convencionais, destacando o conceito de acessibilidade por seu potencial de articulacao entre transportes e uso do solo. Procura ser aplicavel as especificidades de metropoles brasileiras. Espera-se assim colaborar para que o Plano de Mobilidade cumpra com a sua missao e seja um instrumento de transformacao sintonizado com o interesse publico.

Trip generation in parking lots: the case of downtown Niterói, Brazil

The aim of this article is to establish trip generation equations and rates based on usage of parking lots located in central city areas, based on the traditional method adopted by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), employing data gathered at 29 private parking facilities open to the public in downtown Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The results found are consistent with the statistics found and the parameters established in the relevant literature. Besides this, we established relations between the trip generation rates and variable those influence them, such as percentage of rotating spaces, average parking time and parking facility size. These results contribute to the formulation of parking policies that are more adequate and compatible with transportation modalities that are less environmentally aggressive without impairing the vitality of the socioeconomic activities in downtown areas.

Inhomogeneities in the Freeze-Out of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

We study the role of temperature and density inhomogeneities on the freeze-out of relativistic heavy ion collisions at CERN SPS. Especially the impact on the particle abundancies is investigated. The quality of the fits to the measured particle ratios in 158 AGeV Pb+Pb collisions significantly improves as compared to a homogeneous model.

Role of global and local strangeness neutrality in an inhomogeneous freeze-out approach to relativistic heavy ion collisions

An inhomogeneous decoupling surface of hadrons produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions may occur, if the expanding hot and dense matter passes through a first order phase transition. We show that due to the non-linear dependence of the particle densities on the temperature and baryon-chemical potential such inhomogeneities should be visible even in the integrated, inclusive abundances. We analyze experimental data from Pb+Pb collisions at CERN-SPS and Au+Au collisions at BNL-RHIC to determine the amplitude of inhomogeneities and the role of local and global strangeness neutrality.

Uma heurística interativa para geração de caminhos em grafos com restrição de grau: aplicação ao projeto de sistemas metroviários

The work discusses the design of a metro network through a graph-theoretical model where the vertices correspond to stations and the edges to line sections between stations. A triangulated planar support graph is the universe of possible connection alternatives between the stations and we will look for vertex-set coverings by sets of elementary paths between pairs of peripherical vertices. In a first moment we adopt a constraint of maximum degree 4 for the spanning subgraph thus obtained. The graph is valued by building and passenger demands. An interactive heuristic supported by this theoretical basis is designed to aid metro project developing and criticism. An example based on Rio de Janeiro metro is discussed.