Ligia de Sousa

High-frequency TENS in post-episiotomy pain relief in primiparous puerpere: A randomized, controlled trial

Aim:  We evaluated the effectiveness of high‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a pain relief resource for primiparous puerpere who had experienced natural childbirth with an episiotomy.

Mensuração e características de dor após cesárea e sua relação com limitação de atividades

Objectives: To measure and characterize post cesarean section pain and to verify its relationship with limitations of physical activities. Methods: Descriptive study with 60 women in the post-operative period of cesarean section. Pain was measured with both the Numeric Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Limitations of physical activities were measured with a specific instrument developed for the study. Results: Sitting down and stranding up were the physical activities with the highest pain scores. All participants reported that the pain limited their movements for sitting down and standing up and characterized the pain as “annoying”, “grasping” and “straining.” Conclusion: Post cesarean section pain was rated as moderate. The pain led to limitations of physical activities for sitting down, standing up, and walking.

Measurement and characteristics of post-cesarean section pain and the relationship to limitation of physical activities

Objectives: To measure and characterize post cesarean section pain and to verify its relationship with limitations of physical activities. Methods: Descriptive study with 60 women in the post-operative period of cesarean section. Pain was measured with both the Numeric Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Limitations of physical activities were measured with a specific instrument developed for the study. Results: Sitting down and stranding up were the physical activities with the highest pain scores. All participants reported that the pain limited their movements for sitting down and standing up and characterized the pain as “annoying”, “grasping” and “straining.” Conclusion: Post cesarean section pain was rated as moderate. The pain led to limitations of physical activities for sitting down, standing up, and walking.

Terapêutica não-farmacológica para alívio do ingurgitamento mamário durante a lactação: revisão integrativa da literatura

Breast engorgement affects breastfeeding and leads to early weaning. The literature presents techniques for treating engorgement, but there is no agreement as to which is the best treatment. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the evidence found in the literature regarding non-pharmacological treatments to relieve breast engorgement symptoms during breastfeeding. We performed an integrative literature review of studies published since 1990, on MEDLINE and LILACS, using the keywords: breastfeeding, lactation disorder and therapy. We found ten studies: two systematic literature reviews, seven randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study. The analyzed studies show conflicting results and there is not enough evidence to recommend the implementation of the evaluated treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine effective therapies for treating breast engorgement.Breast engorgement affects breastfeeding and leads to early weaning. The literature presents techniques for treating engorgement, but there is no agreement as to which is the best treatment. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the evidence found in the literature regarding non-pharmacological treatments to relieve breast engorgement symptoms during breastfeeding. We performed an integrative literature review of studies published since 1990, on MEDLINE and LILACS, using the keywords: breastfeeding, lactation disorder and therapy. We found ten studies: two systematic literature reviews, seven randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study. The analyzed studies show conflicting results and there is not enough evidence to recommend the implementation of the evaluated treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine effective therapies for treating breast engorgement.

Mensuração e caracterização da dor após episiotomia e sua relação com a limitação de atividades

This is a descriptive study, involving fifty women after vaginal delivery with episiotomy. The study aimed to measure and to characterize the perineal pain in primiparae who have had a natural childbirth with episiotomy and to verify the activities limited by the perineal pain. For evaluation of perineal pain, a Numeric Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were used, as well as another questionnaire to analyze the activities limited. In the Numeric Scale, the median of perineal pain referred were five. The sensory and subjective evaluation categories were the most selected in the McGill questionnaire. The perineal pain was characterized as pulsing, pulling, hot, stinging, hurting, annoying, troublesome, tight and tense. The most limited activities were sitting, laying down (onto the bed), and walking. In conclusion, it was possible to verify the presence of perineal pain between women in the postpartum periodThis is a descriptive study, involving fifty women after vaginal delivery with episiotomy. The study aimed to measure and to characterize the perineal pain in primiparae who have had a natural childbirth with episiotomy and to verify the activities limited by the perineal pain. For evaluation of perineal pain, a Numeric Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were used, as well as another questionnaire to analyze the activities limited. In the Numeric Scale, the median of perineal pain referred were five. The sensory and subjective evaluation categories were the most selected in the McGill questionnaire. The perineal pain was characterized as pulsing, pulling, hot, stinging, hurting, annoying, troublesome, tight and tense. The most limited activities were sitting, laying down (onto the bed), and walking. In conclusion, it was possible to verify the presence of perineal pain between women in the postpartum period caused by episiotomy and identify the activities of sitting, lying down and walking were limited for this symptom.

Avaliação da estimulação elétrica transcutânea do nervo para alívio de dor após cesárea: ensaio clínico randomizado

OBJECTIVES: to assess the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for post-cesarean pain relief. METHODS: a simple-blind and random clinical controlled-study was carried out. The experimental group comprised twenty puerperal women to whom the TENS technique had been applied and 20 others as a control group. The numeric rating scale and the McGill Pain Questionnare were used to evaluate pain. Three evaluations were carried out: the first before the intervention using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; a second, after the intervention and a third, one hour after the intervention. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitneys non-parametric test was used. RESULTS: the experimental group presented a statistically significant larger reduction in pain than the control group on the second and the third evaluation using both the numeric rating scale (p<0.001) and McGill (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is effective for the reduction of pain and the resulting relief persists for an hour subsequent to its application and could be used in clinical practice as a non-pharmacological resource to promote humanization of the puerperal condition in cases of caesarean section.

Associação entre a analgesia epidural e o trauma perineal no parto vaginal

El objetivo de esto estudio fue analizar la asociacion entre la analgesia epidural y la laceracion perineal en mujeres sometidas al parto vaginal. Fue realizado un estudio descriptivo y transversal, para lo cual fueron investigados 109 prontuarios de mujeres asistidas durante el proceso de parturicion en una maternidad en Ribeirao Preto. Los datos fueron colectados en marzo y abril de 2003. Para analizar la correlacion entre las variables fue aplicado el Teste Chi-Cuadrado. Fue realizado parto normal en 91,7% (100) de las parturientes y en 8,2% (09) parto forceps. En el analisis de los datos, 74,3% de la muestra recibieron analgesia epidural, y de estas 26,5% tuvieron algun nivel de laceracion perineal y 9,1% perineo integro. No fue posible verificar la asociacion entre las variables aludidas. No fue verificado en esto estudio, significancia estadistica para afirmar que las condiciones del perineo despues del parto vaginal y el uso de analgesia epidural, estan asociadas (x²4GL= 3,1).

A non-pharmacologic treatment to relieve breast engorgement during lactation: an integrative literature review

Breast engorgement affects breastfeeding and leads to early weaning. The literature presents techniques for treating engorgement, but there is no agreement as to which is the best treatment. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the evidence found in the literature regarding non-pharmacological treatments to relieve breast engorgement symptoms during breastfeeding. We performed an integrative literature review of studies published since 1990, on MEDLINE and LILACS, using the keywords: breastfeeding, lactation disorder and therapy. We found ten studies: two systematic literature reviews, seven randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study. The analyzed studies show conflicting results and there is not enough evidence to recommend the implementation of the evaluated treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine effective therapies for treating breast engorgement.Breast engorgement affects breastfeeding and leads to early weaning. The literature presents techniques for treating engorgement, but there is no agreement as to which is the best treatment. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the evidence found in the literature regarding non-pharmacological treatments to relieve breast engorgement symptoms during breastfeeding. We performed an integrative literature review of studies published since 1990, on MEDLINE and LILACS, using the keywords: breastfeeding, lactation disorder and therapy. We found ten studies: two systematic literature reviews, seven randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study. The analyzed studies show conflicting results and there is not enough evidence to recommend the implementation of the evaluated treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine effective therapies for treating breast engorgement.

Terapéutica no farmacológica para alivio de la ingurgitación mamaria durante la lactancia: revisión integral de la literatura

Breast engorgement affects breastfeeding and leads to early weaning. The literature presents techniques for treating engorgement, but there is no agreement as to which is the best treatment. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the evidence found in the literature regarding non-pharmacological treatments to relieve breast engorgement symptoms during breastfeeding. We performed an integrative literature review of studies published since 1990, on MEDLINE and LILACS, using the keywords: breastfeeding, lactation disorder and therapy. We found ten studies: two systematic literature reviews, seven randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study. The analyzed studies show conflicting results and there is not enough evidence to recommend the implementation of the evaluated treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine effective therapies for treating breast engorgement.Breast engorgement affects breastfeeding and leads to early weaning. The literature presents techniques for treating engorgement, but there is no agreement as to which is the best treatment. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the evidence found in the literature regarding non-pharmacological treatments to relieve breast engorgement symptoms during breastfeeding. We performed an integrative literature review of studies published since 1990, on MEDLINE and LILACS, using the keywords: breastfeeding, lactation disorder and therapy. We found ten studies: two systematic literature reviews, seven randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental study. The analyzed studies show conflicting results and there is not enough evidence to recommend the implementation of the evaluated treatments. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine effective therapies for treating breast engorgement.

Medición y características del dolor después de la episiotomía y su relación con la limitación de actividades

This is a descriptive study, involving fifty women after vaginal delivery with episiotomy. The study aimed to measure and to characterize the perineal pain in primiparae who have had a natural childbirth with episiotomy and to verify the activities limited by the perineal pain. For evaluation of perineal pain, a Numeric Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were used, as well as another questionnaire to analyze the activities limited. In the Numeric Scale, the median of perineal pain referred were five. The sensory and subjective evaluation categories were the most selected in the McGill questionnaire. The perineal pain was characterized as pulsing, pulling, hot, stinging, hurting, annoying, troublesome, tight and tense. The most limited activities were sitting, laying down (onto the bed), and walking. In conclusion, it was possible to verify the presence of perineal pain between women in the postpartum periodThis is a descriptive study, involving fifty women after vaginal delivery with episiotomy. The study aimed to measure and to characterize the perineal pain in primiparae who have had a natural childbirth with episiotomy and to verify the activities limited by the perineal pain. For evaluation of perineal pain, a Numeric Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were used, as well as another questionnaire to analyze the activities limited. In the Numeric Scale, the median of perineal pain referred were five. The sensory and subjective evaluation categories were the most selected in the McGill questionnaire. The perineal pain was characterized as pulsing, pulling, hot, stinging, hurting, annoying, troublesome, tight and tense. The most limited activities were sitting, laying down (onto the bed), and walking. In conclusion, it was possible to verify the presence of perineal pain between women in the postpartum period caused by episiotomy and identify the activities of sitting, lying down and walking were limited for this symptom.