Liliana Gómez Luna

Distribution of epiphytic macroalgae on the thalli of their hosts in Cuba

We investigated the distribution of epiphytic macroalgae on the thalli of their hosts at eight localities along the southeastern coast of Cuba between June 2010 and March 2011. We divided he epiphytes in two groups according to their distribution on the host: those at the base of the thallus and those on its surface. We determining the dissimilarity between the zones and the species involved. We identified 102 taxa of epiphytic macroalgae. There were significant differences between the two zones. In 31 hosts, the number of epiphytes was higher on the surface of the thallus, whereas the number of epiphytes was higher at the thallus base in 25 hosts, and the epiphytes were equally distributed between the two zones in five hosts (R=−0.001, p=0.398). The mean dissimilarity between the two zones, in terms of the species composition of the epiphytic macroalgae, was 96.64%. Hydrolithon farinosum and Polysiphonia atlantica accounted for 43.76% of the dissimilarity. Among macroalgae, the structure of the thallus seems to be a determinant of their viability as hosts for epiphytes.

Magnetically treated water on phytochemical compounds of Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Irrigation using water treated with static magnetic field (SMF) has recently been used as a strategy to stimulate the growth and development of different plant species. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds and evaluate the anatomical structure of Rosmarinus officinalis L. irrigated with SMF-treated water. Results demonstrate that the treatment promoted plant growth, the number of trichomes and increased concentrations of secondary metabolites. Methanol-extracted leaves revealed that rosmarinic acid was detected in both experimental groups, without a difference in the level. Camphor, α-terpineol and verbenone were determined as the most abundant compounds present in these leaf extracts and were strongly increased in plants irrigated with SMF-treated water. Similar results were also observed for endo-borneol, bornyl acetate and β-amyrin concentrations.Taken together, these results indicate that irrigation with SMF-treated water can be used to improve the production of rosemary to obtain pharmaceutical products with an increased antioxidative activity.

CONTENIDO DE POLIFENOLES EN Solanum lycopersicum L. BAJO LA ACCIÓN DE UN CAMPO MAGNÉTICO ESTÁTICO

The molecular techniques need of protocols that allow determine levels of genetic change inside the populations in different environmental conditions. So much the optimization of the isolation of the DNA, as that of the working conditions of the amplifications, they are fundamental to reach the success of the molecular analyses, therefore the present research has like objective: optimize protocols of extraction of DNA and of the molecular marker type RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) in Anonaceas. For the DNA extraction were used the Kit Nucleon PHYTOpure and DNeasy® of QIAGEN. The working conditions of the protocol of amplification were fittedand changed the concentrations of DNA and of the used chokers. Followed by this, a tes was realized with 10 fatteners of the series OPH and five of the series OPA, to select more polimorphiss. The first results obtained with the Kit Nucleon PHYTOpure showed an DNA of low quality, due to the high fenolization of the vegetable material, not like that with the Kit DNeasy® of QIAGEN, who allowed obtain an DNA of quality, purity and homogeneity to an approximate concentration of 30 ng μ L-1. The biggest amplification products were obtained touse 3 ng μ L-1 of choke and 2 ng μ L-1 of DNA. Four chokers that presented major polymorphism were OPA-16, OPH-03, OPH-13 and OPH-18. The results of this research allowed optimize the working conditions of the technical RAPD for the characterization of the collection ex-situ of Anonaceas under our environmental conditions.Theobroma cacao L. is known in folk medicine as an antiseptic, diuretic and antiparasitic. Foods derived from this plant are rich in natural products of high added value, including phenolic compounds. As in vitro cultivation handle is an alternative source for the production of these metabolites. The present study was conducted to obtain phenolic compounds from callus culture with embryogenic structures. Culture conditions (agitation, light and glucose) were established to increase the concentration of phenols in calluses and elicitors to achieve the increase in callus and excretion into the culture area. The accumulation of phenolic compounds was favored with the additional supplement of glucose, growth in agitation and darkness. The addition of random hydroxylated cyclodextrins allowed the increase in the specific yield of phenols and biomass.The genus Azotobacter and Bacillus have a potential to atmospheric nitrogen fixation, mineral elements solubilization and producing a group of stimulator of vegetal growth substances. In addition, Bacillus is recognizing by its antagonistic activity. The reasons justify its selection with actives principles of biofertilizer products. The presence of fungus diseases in vegetable cultures is a problem for Cuban agriculture. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Azotobacter and Bacillus strains against fungus that caused diseases in vegetables cultures. For those were employed Fusarium chlamydosporum, Corynespora casiicola and Cladosporium oxysporum. All strains belong at the INIFAT collections. For the development of work, “Dual Culture Bring” Method was used with permitting the selections those to possess previous activity and descript, in turn, principle affectations caused to fungi structures. Results emit that inside of two genus exist strains that inhibit the micelial growth. Among strains of Azotobacter, five result promissory against Cladosporium oxysporum, two respond to Fusarium chlamydosporum and only one was effective against Corynespora cassiicola. The activity shows for Bacillus genus is major. In this case, two strains show activity against Corynespora cassiicola, six against Cladosporium oxysporum and eight against Fusarium chlamydosporum. Highlight the finished that exists strains of Azotobactersp capable of inhibit more than one fungi species, which results very new for being quoted few times the genus activity against vegetable pathogens.