Liliana Martínez

Influence of CCC, putrescine and gellam gum concentration on gynogenic embryo induction in Allium cepa

The induction of haploid plants by in vitro gynogenesis is a promising practice in onion breeding. In order to increase the frequency of embryo regeneration and haploid plant production in Valcatorce INTA, Cobriza INTA and Navidena INTA cultivars, putrescine and CCC were used, either as a component of the culture media or by spraying or injecting them to the umbels. Additionally, two concentration of gellam gum were tested. A higher number of gynogenic embryos was achieved by using 7 g dm−3 gellam gum, and this number was not affected by the addition of putrescine to the media. CCC sprayed at the umbels significantly increased the gynogenic embryo rate, which was more than three times higher than the control. Cobriza INTA showed the highest induced embryo rate (4.76 %).

Changes in leaf stomatal conductance, petiole hydraulics and vessel morphology in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas) under different light and irrigation regimes

Hydraulic conductance and water transport in plants may be affected by environmental factors, which in turn regulate leaf gas exchange, plant growth and yield. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of radiation and water regimes on leaf stomatal conductance (gs), petiole specific hydraulic conductivity (Kpetiole) and anatomy (vessel number and size); and leaf aquaporin gene expression of field-grown grapevines at the Agroscope Research Station (Leytron, Switzerland). Chasselas vines were subjected to two radiation (sun and shade) levels combined with two water (irrigated and water-stressed) regimes. The sun and shade leaves received ~61.2 and 1.48molm-2day-1 of photosynthetically active radiation, respectively, during a clear-sky day. The irrigated vines were watered weekly from bloom to veraison whereas the water-stressed vines did not receive any irrigation during the season. Water stress reduced gs and Kpetiole relative to irrigated vines throughout the season. The petioles from water-stressed vines showed fewer large-sized vessels than those from irrigated vines. The shaded leaves from the irrigated vines exhibited a higher Kpetiole than the sun leaves at the end of the season, which was partially explained by a higher number of vessels per petiole and possibly by the upregulation of some of the aquaporins measured in the leaf. These results suggest that not only plant water status but also the light environment at the leaf level affected leaf and petiole hydraulics.

Effects of salicylic acid-induced wine rich in anthocyanins on metabolic parameters and adipose insulin signaling in high-fructose fed rats.

Abstract We evaluated the effects of Syrah red wine treated with salicylic acid (RW SA) and its control red wine (RW) on metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure and adipose tissue insulin signaling in high-fructose (F) fed rats. Grape treated with SA increased the anthocyanin (ANTs) levels in RW. F induced increased systolic blood pressure, dislipidemia and insulin resistance (HOMA:IR). F rats treated with RW significantly prevented these alterations while RW SA partially attenuated triglycerides levels and HOMA:IR without modifications in HDL cholesterol levels. F impaired the adipose tissue response to insulin. Supplementation with RW and RW SA partially attenuated these alterations. Rats supplemented with RW SA had lesser beneficial effects on metabolic alterations than control RW, while both RW and RW SA attenuated altered adipose response to insulin. More studies are necessary to deeply evaluate the effect on SA-induced RW rich in ANTs levels on metabolic alterations associated to MetS.