Lindolfo Storck

Estatísticas de avaliação da precisão experimental em ensaios de cultivares de milho

Grain yield data were used from 101 cultivar competition trials of corn (Zea mays L.), carried out in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in the agricultural years 2002/2003, 2003/2004 and 2004/2005, with the aim at evaluating statistics for classification of the experimental precision. The experimental coefficient of variation and significant minimum difference among cultivars by Tukeys test, expressed in percentage of the mean, are associated to the mean and the residual variance, being statistics appropriated for the classification of experiments with similar means. The highest values of the statistics herdability, coefficient of determination, test F value for cultivars, and Fasoulas index of differentiation are associated to greatest genetic variabilities and minor residual variances, and are independent from the mean trials; these statistics are appropriated for classification of the experimental precision.

Medidas do grau de precisão experimental em ensaios de competição de cultivares de milho

The objective of this work was to evaluate the appropriateness of some statistics as experimental precision measures and the relationships among them. Grain yield data from 101 cultivar competition trials of corn (Zea mays L.), which were carried out in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in the agricultural years 2002/2003, 2003/2004 and 2004/2005, were used. Relationship among 12 statistics, estimated from each trial, was studied and correlation, path and cluster analysis were calculated based on these statistics. Class limits established by the statistics selective accuracy, heritability, coefficient of determination and F test value for cultivar were adequate to estimate the degree of experimental precision in corn yield trials. According to these statistics, 89% of the experiments showed a high or very high degree of precision and 5% of experiments could be discarded due to insufficient experimental precision. The statistics selective accuracy, heritability, coefficient of determination and F test value for cultivar show a direct relationship among them and are more adequate than the coefficient of variation and the significant minimum difference among cultivars by Tukeys test, expressed in percentage of the mean, to evaluate the experimental precision of corn yield trials.

Variância e média da massa de frutos de abobrinha-italiana em múltiplas colheitas

The variance associated to the production of plants with multiple harvests is not always homogeneous, what compromises the experimental precision. To address this issue, in this work we identified (1) the behavior of the means and variance for fruit mass in zucchini (Curcubita pepo) along harvests, between planting rows within and betweens harvests, and (2) the interference of different crop managements over these parameters. The experiment was carried out in two seasons, winter-spring (I/P) and summer-autumn (V/O), 2004/2005, using cultivar Caserta and two plastic tunnels (T1 and T2), with three 25-plant rows in each tunnel. In T1, drip irrigation was used, combined with mulching over the ridges, and less biocide spraying than in T2. In T2, sprinkler irrigation was used, placed 1,8 m height, without mulching. The Bartlett test was applied to the six planting row variances within each harvest and to the average variance of each row to check the homogeneity between harvests in each crop season. The t test was used to compare the production means in each planting row, in each harvest, in each tunnel, and also between planting rows, for plants with the same position in the tunnel. In the V/O season, variances were homogeneous in two out of the eleven harvests. In season I/P, variances were homogeneous in ten of the thirteen harvests. In both seasons, variance homogeneity was higher in the first half of the cycle. In V/O, variances in T1 were in general smaller than in T2 in the whole cycle. In both seasons there was variance heterogeneity between harvests. In V/O, significant differences were observed in six and three harvests, respectively in T1 and T2, with production means reaching 481.0 and 454.0 g plant-1 T1 and T2, respectively. In I/P, significant differences were observed in the first (T1) and fourth and fifth harvests (T2), with the means for fruit mass reaching 598.2 (T1) and 597.4 g plant-1 (T2).

Variabilidade da produção de frutos de pimentão em estufa plástica

The plastic greenhouses are considered an homogeneous environment, however, that affirmative is not tested, because production variations exist among plants, influenced by several external factors. There is a lack of information related to techniques of experimental designing in these environments. Experiments were installed in the Crop Science Department/UFSM with the culture of chili in plastic greenhouse in two seasonal seasons, in order to study the variability of the production around the average, for each harvest and in the total yield, in different plot size. With the variances homogeneity test, for each harvest and total yield, the dispersion on the production around the average, it was verified that there is a high heterogeneity in the distribution of the production among the experimental plots in protected chili culture, and that plots of 14 plants in the line had reduced the variations of soil. The randomized blocks design in the line is adequate for these environments.

Ajustes de quadrado médio do erro em ensaios de competição de cultivares de milho pelo método de Papadakis

The objective of this work was to evaluate the different ways to calculate the yield index, used as covariable for the Papadakis method, and to verify if this method is efficient to increase the experimental precision in corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars competition trials with high number of treatments. The following analysis was performed using grain yield data: mathematical model assumption, analysis of variance in the randomized complete block design (conventional analysis), and analysis of covariance in the completely random design using yield index as a covariable. The yield index covariable was estimated using five different variants of the Papadakis method. The comparisons between the conventional analysis and the Papadakis method was done with the mean square error, coefficient of variation, least significant differences of Tukey test, group numbers of Scott-Knott cluster analysis, and differentiation index of Fasoulas. Papadakis method improved the experimental precision from 10.5% to 48.1% in all different ways used to estimate index yield covariable. The four hills neighboring the reference hill was the best index to increase experimental precision.

Estimativa de parâmetros para o planejamento de experimentos com a cultura do pimentão em área restrita

The ideal size and shape of plots for green pepper experiments under protected environments was determined. Two experiments were conducted in plastic green house, in 2001, in the summer-fall and in the winter-spring season, evaluating the fruit weight. The plants were laid out in ten lines of twenty meters length, and in each line were allocated seventy plants. The estimates of the plot size and shape were obtained by the maxim curvature, variable comparison and Hatheway methods. Applying these methods we could conclude that the plot size and shape estimates are similar considering the maximum curvature and Hatheway methods and with the cultivation seasons. Each plot must have two plants long a five plants width, with a total of ten plants per plot.

Arranjos de plantas de mandioca e milho em cultivo solteiro e consorciado: crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade

The objective of this study was to quantify the growth, development, and yield of cassava and maize in different plant spacings in monocropping and intercropping systems, considering two sowing dates of maize. The experiment was carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The cassava variety RS 13 was planted on September 27, 2005. The maize variety BRS Missoes was sown on two dates: November 2, 2005 and November 29, 2005. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks with 12 treatments and three replications. Growth (plant height and leaf area), development (phyllochron, final leaf number and duration of developmental phases), and yield parameters of both crops were measured. Thermal accumulation (assuming a base temperature of 14 oC for cassava and 10 oC for maize) of some developmental phases and the phyllochron were calculated. Growth and development were not affected by plant spacing in both monocropping and intercropping. The highest land use efficiency was obtained by intercropping cassava and maize, with cassava planted in a double row spacing of 1.6 x 0.5 x 0.6 m and maize in a single row spaced 0.8 x 0.21m or two rows of maize spaced 0.4 x 0.42m between the double rows of cassava, with maize sown on cassava emergence.

Size and form of plots for the culture of the Italian pumpkin in plastic greenhouse

ABSTRACT: Quality control is the guaranty that experimental error is kept under acceptable levels, andthe definition of the proper size and form of experimental plots ensures acurate experimental planning.This paper aims to determine the proper plot size and shape for the culture of the Italian pumpkin inprotected environments. Two experiments were set in plastic green house in distinct crop seasons: eitherSummer-Fall or Winter-Spring season. The experiment comprised eight, 23-m long lines with 20 plantseach, and fruit weight was considered the main performance parameter. Estimates of best plots size andshape were obtained by the maximum curvature, variance comparison and Hatheway methods. The plotsize and shape varied according to the season and the ideal size and shape, according to the maximumcurvature and Hatheway methods, to the Summer-Fall and Winter-Spring seasons, were eight plants (4 ×2 plot) and four plants (2 × 2 plot), respectively.Key words: Curcubita pepo, protected environment, experiment planning, quality control

A precisão experimental para diferentes manejos na cultura do milho

The effects of weed control procedures, fertilizer and seed distribution uniformity, and young plant protection to insects over the experimental error were studied. The management procedures were organized in three experiments using a completely randomized design. Each replication of the management procedure was made by 6 lines of 5m using a short-day com cultivar. The weed control, made by herbicides or manual control did not present significam difference in the experimental error. The evaluation of the experimental error of the more uniform fertilizer distribution was smaller than the desuniform distribution. The line seed distribution, done by hand and not with the same distance, caused a smaller experimental error for grain yield and final population than the line seed distribution with the same distance.

Tamanho ótimo de parcela para a cultura do feijão-vagem

With the aim of estimating the optimum plot size and verify the behavior of the experimental precision in different plot sizes and shapes to consider the production of snap beans, the following white experiments were conducted: 1) in a greenhouse during the autumn and winter; 2) in a poly-tunnel during the autumn and winter; 3) in an unprotected environment during the autumn and winter; 4) in a poly-tunnel during the spring and summer; and 5) in an unprotected environment during the spring and summer. The fresh pod mass was measured for pairs of plants. For each different plot size (X) the variation and its relation to X was estimated. The optimum plot size was estimated using the method of maximum modified curvature, and the significant minimum differences between averages were estimated using the Hathaway method. Analyze the total fresh biomass of pods reduces variability in experiments with green beans and optimum plot size recommended for this crop is 16 plants in a greenhouse for experiments and plans for 12 tunnel experiments and experiments in non-protected.