Line Tremblay

Parental Influence on Young Children's Physical Activity

Parents influence on their young childrens physical activity (PA) behaviours was examined in a sample of 102 preschool-aged children (54 boys). Questionnaires regarding family sociodemographics and physical activity habits were completed. Results showed that children who received greater parental support for activity (B = .78, P < .10) and had parents who rated PA as highly enjoyable (B = .69, P < .05) were significantly more likely to engage in one hour or more of daily PA. Being an older child (B = −.08, P < .01), having older parents (B = −.26, P < .01), and watching more than one hour of television/videos per day (B = 1.55, P < .01) reduced the likelihood that a child would be rated as highly active. Children who received greater parental support for PA were 6.3 times more likely to be highly active than inactive (B = 1.44, P < .05). Thus, parents can promote PA among their preschoolers, not only by limiting TV time but also by being highly supportive of their childrens active pursuits.

The influence of puberty onset, Body Mass Index, and pressure to be thin on disordered eating behaviors in children and adolescents☆

The main objective of this study is to verify the hypothesis that pubertal development, obesity, body satisfaction, as well as family and peer influences predict unhealthy eating habits in children and adolescents. A randomized stratified sample of young Quebecers aged 9, 13, and 16 years on March 31, 1999 [608 children aged of 9 years (325 girls and 283 boys) and 662 adolescents aged of 13 and 16 years (349 girls and 313 boys)] were used. Childrens weight, height, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded. Questionnaires were administered to children and a parent (usually the mother). Among 9-year-old children, this study found that weight loss or weight control behaviors were predicted mainly by the onset of puberty, lower maternal abusive control, and the level of peer pressure. Among adolescents, mothers BMI, income, peer pressure, and negative comments about the childs weight most strongly predicted behaviors to control weight, strategies to lose weight and the frequency of such behaviors. The findings suggest that both parents and children need to understand the impact of comments on a childs behavior.

Body Image and Anti-Fat Attitudes: An Experimental Study Using a Haptic Virtual Reality Environment to Replicate Human Touch

It is well documented that anti-fat attitudes influence the interactions individuals have with overweight people. However, testing attitudes through self-report measures is challenging. In the present study, we explore the use of a haptic virtual reality environment to physically interact with overweight virtual human (VH). We verify the hypothesis that duration and strength of virtual touch vary according to the characteristics of VH in ways similar to those encountered from interaction with real people in anti-fat attitude studies. A group of 61 participants were randomly assigned to one of the experimental conditions involving giving a virtual hug to a female or a male VH of either normal or overweight. We found significant associations between body image satisfaction and anti-fat attitudes and sex differences on these measures. We also found a significant interaction effect of the sex of the participants, sex of the VH, and the body size of the VH. Female participants hugged longer the overweight female VH than overweight male VH. Male participants hugged longer the normal-weight VH than the overweight VH. We conclude that virtual touch is a promising method of measuring attitudes, emotion and social interactions.

Learning disabilities and visual-motor skills; comparing assessment from a hapto-virtual reality tool and Bender-Gestalt test

Abstract Previous investigations conducted on post-secondary adult students with learning disabilities (LD) suggest that deficits in visual-motor skills contribute to difficulties in written expression which impact academic achievement. Intervention strategies for individuals with LD include assistive computer-based technologies (ATs) to compensate for or maximize performance. However, research fails to assess the impact of ATs on performance, learning, and motivation of students with LD. Also, one of the limitations of ATs is that they cannot be used for assessment and training and there are very few methods to assess or train visual-motor skills in this population. The present study explores the usefulness of a hapto-visual virtual reality motor skills assessment (MSA) device for visual-motor functioning in adults with and without LD. This is a preliminary step of developing an intervention to improve impaired visual-motor skills in adults with LD. A sample of 22 male and female university students with and without LD had their visual-motor skills pretested using a standard paper-and-pencil Bender-Gestalt (BG) test and were compared according to their performance on the MSA tool. We hypothesized that our LD participants’ performance would be significantly lower than our control participants on the VR task in terms of number of errors and speed. Results showed that participants without LD performed better and more rapidly on the VR task than participants with LD. There were no correlations between the BG and MSA performance. We did not find significant differences between the groups on the Bender-Gestalt scores, previous experience with video game, arousal, and mood. Our results suggest that a novel 3D virtual reality tool such as the MSA can potentially discriminate motor function of people with and without LD; however, the difference between both may also be due to a lack of problem-solving ability in LD.

Parents’ perceptions of children's weight: the accuracy of ratings and associations to strategies for feeding

The general objective of this study was to assess parents’ perceptions of their preschoolers body weight, and the association between childrens current weight status and parental feeding strategies. A sample of 150 parents of three- to five-year-old children (72 girls and 78 boys) completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, body-size perception of their child, and feeding practices information. Children were classified into weight categories according to body mass index scores. Results showed that: (1) parents of children who were overweight were less accurate in determining their childs body size, (2) parents who did perceive their childs body size accurately reported being more concerned with their childs eating habits and weight when this child was actually overweight, (3) parents who were accurate in perceiving their childs weight reported using more food restriction than parents who were inaccurate, and (4) parents of girls reported significantly more monitoring of sweets and snack food consumption than parents of boys. Prevention programmes should be implemented in early childhood and include parent education components.

Treatment of a 7-year old girl with long-standing disordered eating behaviors since infancy.

The authors present the case of a 7-year-old girl with disordered eating secondary to severe symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) experienced during infancy. Symptoms include deficits in interpreting signs of hunger and refusals to eat, leading to latent physical development. Methods of assessment include parent and child interviews, child eating behaviors and parental feeding strategies questionnaires, a 2-week food record, and mealtime behavioral observations. The objective of treatment was weight gain through decreasing problematic eating behaviors: dawdling eating, excessive talking at mealtime, and frequently leaving the table during meals. Cognitive-behavioral approaches (eg, using reinforcements and consequences, increasing food intake by small portion sizes, and increasing the childs awareness of signs of hunger through direct prompts and parental modeling) were successful, and parents reported physical growth weight gain at 6-month follow-up.

Evidence-based guidelines for physiotherapy management of patients with multiple myeloma: study protocol

BackgroundPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) are often treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and, if indicated, autologous stem cell transplant. In addition to side effects of the treatment, patients with MM often have bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compressions, fatigue, and muscle weakness, which negatively impact functional performance and quality of life. Currently, there are no related guidelines for safe and effective physiotherapy (PT) management. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to develop guidelines for effective physiotherapy management of patients with MM by systematically reviewing and evaluating the available evidence followed by a consensus process to specifically describe the research questions as detailed below.Methods/designPhysiotherapy management guidelines for patients with multiple myeloma will be developed based on the results of a systematic search of the following databases: US National Library of Medicine Database (PubMed), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Elton B. Stephens Co. (EBSCO), Web of Science, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). All articles will be screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant potential articles will be identified and systematically reviewed for final phase of inclusion. Two independent reviewers will systematically review and analyze the quality of identified articles using standardized assessment tools. Scientific conclusions will be drawn and recommendations will be made based on a critical appraisal process. The guideline development will also be based on the team’s judgment about the overall quality of the studies and a consensus process.DiscussionDraft guidelines will be developed in the form of action statements based on the strength of evidence and grades of recommendations. The draft guidelines will be reviewed internally by two independent reviewers using AGREE II and externally by a methodological expert from Evidence-Based Care – Cancer Care Ontario and will be sent to the Canadian Physiotherapy Association (CPA) for feedback from physiotherapists.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017064056