Livia L. Barakat

Commitment to the Study of International Business and Cultural Intelligence: A Multilevel Model

Adopting a multilevel theoretical framework, we examined how metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence influence an individual’s commitment to the study of international business (IB). Data from 292 undergraduate and graduate business students nested in 12 U.S. business school classes demonstrated that individuals’ metacognitive and motivational cultural intelligence are positively related to their commitment to the study of IB. Furthermore, there is additional commitment when the classrooms’ cultural intelligence climate is high. We discuss the implications of these findings within a classroom context that involves cross-cultural interactions.

Emergence of cultural intelligence and global mindset capital: a multilevel model

The purpose of this paper is to establish under which conditions researchers should use the constructs cultural intelligence (CQ) and global mindset (GM). The authors further seek to understand the process through which these constructs emerge to a higher level and link unit-level knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes.,This paper is a conceptual study with a multilevel model.,This paper differentiates two similar lines of research occurring concordantly on the CQ and GM constructs. Next, the authors develop a multilevel model to better understand the process through which CQ and GM emerge at higher levels and their underlying mechanisms. Finally, this paper adds meaning to the firm-level KSAs by linking firm-level KSAs capital to pertinent firm-level outcomes.,The conclusion implies that researchers should use CQ when the context is focused on interpersonal outcomes and GM when focused on strategic outcomes. The multilevel model is a useful tool for scholars to select which rubric to use in future studies that have international managers as the subjects. The authors argue that if the scholar is interested in an individual’s ability to craft policy and implement strategy, then GM may be more parsimonious than CQ. On the other hand, if the focus is on leadership, human resources or any other relationship dependent outcome, then CQ will provide a more robust measure.,For practitioners, this study provides a useful tool for managers to improve individual-level commitment by selecting and training individuals high in CQ. On the other hand, if the desired outcome is firm-level sales or performance, the focus should be on targeting individuals high in GM.,This is the first theoretical paper to examine how CQ and GM emerge to the firm level and describe when to use each measure.

Cultural Distance and Future Entry Mode Choice of Brazilian MNEs

ABSTRACT We analyze the relationship between current cultural distance (CD) and future entry mode choice of Brazilian multinational enterprises (MNEs). We use the GLOBE Project in order to extend the distance literature into the entry mode context. Results demonstrate that high levels of CD have a negative impact on future expansions via acquisition and a positive impact on exporting. These relationships are moderated by size, such that large firms are affected less by CD than small firms. Finally, CD values have a greater impact on future entry mode preference than CD practices.

An Exploration of Frequent Service Failures in the Brazilian Airline Industry

ABSTRACT This study explores how customer evaluations of service failures and failure recurrence impact negative emotions and intent to complain. A survey of 589 Brazilian airline passengers demonstrates the meditational effect of negative emotions such that customers who perceive failures as severe and/or preventable by the airline develop more negative emotions, which subsequently increases intent to complain. We also demonstrate the moderating role of failure recurrence such that failure recurrence reduces the effect of failure severity on negative emotions. Our findings have important implications for managers and airlines in order to mitigate negative outcomes following a service failure.

Brazilian Franchising Networks: Degree of Internationalization and Current Status

Internationalization has long been discussed in the strategic management literature as a way of diversifying a business and creating value (Dunning, 2000; Johanson & Vahlne, 1977). Yet firms have different strategies in terms of entry mode (Kogut & Singh, 1988) and ownership (Hennart & Reddy, 1997). Some of them, depending on their industry and strategic objectives prefer to open commercial offices to support sales from the home country, whereas others avoid transportation costs by exporting parts of products and finalizing those in foreign markets. Some others see opportunities for the acquisition or opening of production plants to carry out all stages of the value chain in the country of destination (Dunning, 1980). Services providers usually have a support branch and displace its staff, whether in operations or direct contact with customers (Philippe & Leo, 2011).