Loreta Basinskiene

Mycotoxin Decontamination Aspects in Food, Feed and Renewables Using Fermentation Processes

© 2012 Bartkiene et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Mycotoxin Decontamination Aspects in Food, Feed and Renewables Using Fermentation Processes

Acoustic sensing of deoxynivalenol in co-occurrence with zearalenone and T-2/HT-2 toxin in winter wheat cultivar Sirvinta from Lithuania

A fast acoustic screening method in combination with an ELISA method was applied for the detection of deoxynivalenol (DON) in co-occurrence with some trichothecenes such as zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2/HT-2 toxins in winter wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) of the most popular Lithuanian cultivar Sirvinta. Strong correlations between the amplitude of the acoustic signal that penetrated the wheat samples and DON as well as total amount of mentioned trichothecenes quantified by ELISA method were found (R2=0.787 and R2=0.794, respectively). It turned out that weak correlations between the acoustic signal and the concentrations of ZEA and T-2/HT-2 were found. These correlations suggest that DON is the marker of the Fusarium infected wheat grain. This statement is also strengthened by the fact that DON is the most significant trichothecene contaminant of cereal grains in the world and levels are generally higher in the wetter climates. The dependency determined between the acoustic signal and structural physica...

Recent advances in the rapid acoustic screening of deoxynivalenol in wheat grains

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a natural and ubiquitous toxic metabolite produced by filamentous fungi of the genus Fusarium. Approximately one quarter of the worlds food crops (mainly cereals) are affected by mycotoxins such as DON. A rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate the quality and safety of grains is therefore required to eliminate these toxins from the food chain. The first portable acoustic device that predicts the concentration of DON in cereal grains has been developed using a broadband capacitive ultrasonic transducer. An acoustic method was optimised for the rapid prediction of DON in wheat. To measure the performance of this method, a model system comprising 0-100% scabby wheat grains was prepared and a single laboratory validation was carried out. The best regression model between DON concentrations determined by the reference ELISA method and the acoustic technique was obtained at an acoustic frequency of 32.2 kHz, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9852 and a repeatability coefficient ...

Seed treatment with lactic acid bacteria against seed-borne pathogens of spring wheat

Antifungal potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus sakei KTU05-6, Pediococcus acidilactici KTU05-7 and Pediococcus pentosaceus KTU05-8, KTU05-9 and KTU05-10 was tested on naturally contaminated wheat seeds. LAB influence on fungal growth on kernels, seedling diseases and seed germination was examined by laboratory and field experiments. KTU05-10 was selected and later used for seed treatment as solitary strain and in two- or three-component mixtures with KTU05-7 and KTU05-6. The occurrence of Fusarium spp. on wheat kernels in agar plate assays was decreased by seed treatment with all LAB cultures, and the efficacy of each strain depended on incubation temperature. Inoculation of wheat kernels with strains of solitary KTU05-10 and in mixtures with KTU05-7 and KTU05-6 significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. LAB influence on seed germination and seedling diseases was observed in laboratory and field experiments, but in most cases, this influence was insignificant.

TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF COOKIES BY ACOUSTIC METHOD: A COMPARISON TO MECHANICAL METHOD

ABSTRACT Numerous types of mechanical testing are used to characterize the texture of porous bakery confectionery products, such as wafers, biscuits, crackers, etc. However, the use of mechanical testing methods for texture evaluation in “on-line” production is limited due to the inevitable destruction of the product. Therefore, there is the necessity to find new methods for contact-free textural measurements and studying how they can be used for quality control. At Kaunas University of Technology methods and low frequency (5-35 kHz) acoustic devices for contact-free measurement have been developed. The objectives of this study were to use the acoustic spectrometer for texture analysis of wafers, biscuits and crackers and to compare results from acoustic investigation with those of mechanical testing using a Texture Analyser TA.XT2 (Stable Micro Systems Ltd, UK). The structural and mechanical properties of the products tested were estimated according to amplitude of a penetrated acoustic signal (A p ) at the optimal frequency for the different products. Parallel analysis of the maximum breaking force (F) and deformation properties of these products was carried out by penetration test (stainless steel spherical probe with 6.25 mm diameter and crisp fracture support rig). The results showed good repeatability for A p measurements, with coefficients of variation of less than 0.3%. A high correlation between A p and F values was found: correlation coefficients of 0.86, 0.83 and 0.91% were observed for wafers, biscuits and crackers, respectively. The results show that the acoustic method gives information complementing the traditional methods for texture measurements. Being of a non-destructive character acoustic methodology can be recommended for both laboratory and industrial applications.

A Rapid Quantitative Acoustic Technique to Screen for DON in Grain

ABSTRACT Mycotoxins in food and feed are considered as an important safety issue of growing concern. One of the most important mycotoxins both from an economic as well as from a health point of view is deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium occurring mainly on grains. DON occurs in grain in concentrations up to 10.000 μg/kg. Costly invasive wet chemistry methods and sampling procedures for grain, which cannot be considered as representative, have to safeguard the consumer. Not seldom, however, the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 1 μg/kg body weight as determined by the Joined Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA) is exceeded, which puts the population at risk. Recently a rapid acoustic technique with in-line capabilities has been tested for the quantitative determination of DON in wheat. It can be used to screen for DON in contaminated wheat at the point of harvest and with promising precision. Because it is fit for monitoring, this technique meets part of the problems previously associated with sampling and analysis.

Application of Extruded Wheat Bran for Added-Value Bread Production

ABSTRACT Currently, increasing attention is given to enrichment of peoples diet with dietary fibre. This study is dedicated to the investigation of a new source of dietary fibre, i.e. extruded wheat bran, for increasing the nutritional value of wheat bread. Extruded bran was chosen for the positive nutritional and safety effects imparted upon it by the extrusion process, which include increased digestibility and destruction of toxic substances and micro-organisms. Addition of extruded bran (10-20% of flour) was compared with that of natural bran. Moreover, the abilities of some carbohydrases from Aspergillus to improve the quality of bread in this context were investigated.