Loris Schiaratura
university of lille
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Featured researches published by Loris Schiaratura.
Motivation and Emotion | 1984
Bernard Rimé; Loris Schiaratura; Michel Hupet; Anne Ghysselinckx
People generally display an important amount of gestural and motoric activity when speaking. Since recent data have shown the limits of an explanation of this activity in terms of nonverbal or bodily communication, the present study attempted to explore what would happen if subjects were impeded from making the principal movements they normally perform during a conversation. Subjects were led to hold a 50-minute conversation while sitting in an armchair devised to restrain their movements of the head, arms, hands, legs, and feet during part of the experiment. The main dependent variables consisted of nonverbal activity in body zones that remained free to vary: eyebrows, eyes, mouth, and fingers. During the phase of movement restriction, highly significant increases in activity were recorded in these zones, with subsequent return to base levels when the subject recovered free movements. Also, significant interactions of conditions of movements and subjects conversational role (speaker vs. listener) were observed for most of the variables. Samples of dialogues submitted to a computerized technique of content analysis revealed a significant decrease in the vividness of imagery during movement restriction.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 2015
Séverine Samson; Sylvain Clément; Pauline Narme; Loris Schiaratura; Nathalie Ehrlé
The management of patients with Alzheimers disease is a significant public health problem given the limited effectiveness of pharmacological therapies combined with iatrogenic effects of drug treatments in dementia. Consequently, the development of nondrug care, such as musical interventions, has become a necessity. The experimental rigor of studies in this area, however, is often lacking. It is therefore difficult to determine the impact of musical interventions on patients with dementia. As part of a series of studies, we carried out randomized controlled trials to compare the effectiveness of musical activities to other pleasant activities on various functions in patients with severe Alzheimers disease. The data obtained in these trials are discussed in light of the methodological constraints and requirements specific to these clinical studies. Although the results demonstrate the power of music on the emotional and behavioral status of patients, they also suggest that other pleasant activities (e.g., cooking) are also effective, leaving open the question about the specific benefits of music in patients with dementia. All these findings highlight the promising potential for nonpharmacological treatments to improve the well‐being of patients living in residential care and to reduce caregiver burden.
Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement | 2008
Loris Schiaratura
This review underlines the importance of non-verbal communication in Alzheimers disease. A social psychological perspective of communication is privileged. Non-verbal behaviors such as looks, head nods, hand gestures, body posture or facial expression provide a lot of information about interpersonal attitudes, behavioral intentions, and emotional experiences. Therefore they play an important role in the regulation of interaction between individuals. Non-verbal communication is effective in Alzheimers disease even in the late stages. Patients still produce non-verbal signals and are responsive to others. Nevertheless, few studies have been devoted to the social factors influencing the non-verbal exchange. Misidentification and misinterpretation of behaviors may have negative consequences for the patients. Thus, improving the comprehension of and the response to non-verbal behavior would increase first the quality of the interaction, then the physical and psychological well-being of patients and that of caregivers. The role of non-verbal behavior in social interactions should be approached from an integrative and functional point of view.
Annee Psychologique | 2015
Angela Di Pastena; Loris Schiaratura; Françoise Askevis-Leherpeux
La nature des liens entre la parole et les gestes co-verbaux est depuis longtemps etudiee sans qu’un reel consensus n’apparaisse. Nous passons en revue et discutons l’ensemble des approches s’etant interrogees sur la question. Il en ressort que, contrairement au point de vue defendu par McNeill (2005), les interactions entre les deux modalites ne se manifestent pas uniquement au sein d’un systeme de communication global. Elles peuvent egalement se produire au moment de la planification ou de l’execution motrice du comportement de communication, et peuvent etre facilitatrices ou competitives (Feyereisen, 2007). Nous discutons les implications pour une prise en charge plus efficace des patients souffrant de troubles du langage, tels que les patients aphasiques ou atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer.
Enfance | 2009
Françoise Askevis-Leherpeux; Loris Schiaratura
Resume Cette etude avait pour objectif majeur de tester l’hypothese d’une asymetrie de genre dans la stigmatisation de l’obesite chez des jeunes enfants. Elle avait aussi pour objectif de tester si, des ce jeune âge, l’obesite est associee a une perception de responsabilite (perception des causes) et de controlabilite (perception des solutions).On a demande a des filles et des garcons, âges de 5 et 6 ans, de ranger par ordre de preference decroissante six dessins representant des filles et des garcons variant en corpulence (maigre, obese et intermediaire). Puis on leur a demande de repondre a un questionnaire mesurant leurs perceptions des causes et des solutions.Les resultats confirment que le rejet des enfants obeses, de meme sexe ou de sexe oppose, est plus marque de la part des filles que des garcons. Ils montrent egalement que, si garcons et filles penchent vers des explications internes de l’obesite, seules les filles soulignent que l’obesite est controlable. Elles ajoutent que faire du sport peut etre une solution efficace.Ainsi, des ce tres jeune âge, la stigmatisation de l’obesite traduit une asymetrie de la categorisation de genre. Les filles, particulierement severes a l’egard de leurs pairs obeses, pensent que l’obesite peut se maitriser et semblent avoir internalise les standards normatifs de la beaute feminine.
Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement | 2015
Loris Schiaratura; Angela Di Pastena; Françoise Askevis-Leherpeux; Sylvain Clément
Communication can be defined as a verbal and non verbal exchange of thoughts and emotions. While verbal communication deficit in Alzheimers disease is well documented, very little is known about gestural communication, especially in interpersonal situations. This study examines the production of gestures and its relations with verbal aspects of communication. Three patients suffering from moderately severe Alzheimers disease were compared to three healthy adults. Each one were given a series of pictures and asked to explain which one she preferred and why. The interpersonal interaction was video recorded. Analyses concerned verbal production (quantity and quality) and gestures. Gestures were either non representational (i.e., gestures of small amplitude punctuating speech or accentuating some parts of utterance) or representational (i.e., referring to the object of the speech). Representational gestures were coded as iconic (depicting of concrete aspects), metaphoric (depicting of abstract meaning) or deictic (pointing toward an object). In comparison with healthy participants, patients revealed a decrease in quantity and quality of speech. Nevertheless, their production of gestures was always present. This pattern is in line with the conception that gestures and speech depend on different communicational systems and look inconsistent with the assumption of a parallel dissolution of gesture and speech. Moreover, analyzing the articulation between verbal and gestural dimensions suggests that representational gestures may compensate for speech deficits. It underlines the importance for the role of gestures in maintaining interpersonal communication.
Revue Neurologique | 2009
Sylvain Clément; A. Tonini; F. Khatir; Loris Schiaratura
Introduction L’utilisation de la musique comme moyen d’intervention aupres de patients dements semble pourvoir apporter des benefices a differents niveaux (comportemental, emotionnel, cognitif). Cependant, ces etudes ne sont pas toujours satisfaisantes d’un point de vue methodologique. Par ailleurs la question de la specificite des effets produits par la musique reste posee? L’objectif de cette etude est de comparer directement chez des patients souffrant d’une Demence de Type Alzheimer l’effet d’ateliers centres soit sur la musique, soit sur la peinture, sur l’etat emotionnel du patient. Methode 22 patients (âge : 74-94 ans) atteints d’une DTA (MMSE : 3-18) ont ete repartis aleatoirement dans deux groupes pour participer a une serie de 6 ateliers de musique (Groupe MUSIQUE) ou de peinture (groupe PEINTURE) etales sur 3 semaines. L’effet de ces ateliers a ete evalue au cours de trois entretiens repetes avec les patients : avant, pendant et apres la periode de prise en charge. Trois indicateurs de l’etat emotionnel ont ete retenus : (1) une quantification inter-juges des mimiques faciales emotionnelles sur un extrait video de 2 minutes de chaque entretien, (2) une analyse de la valence du discours pendant ces memes 2 minutes et (3) une mesure de l’humeur globale a partir des items positifs et negatifs de l’echelle State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983). Resultats Les resultats de ces trois indicateurs convergent parfaitement et revelent un effet positif des ateliers de musique et dans une moindre mesure, de peinture, sur l’etat emotionnel des patients lors des entretiens a la sortie d’une seance d’atelier. Vingt quatre heures apres le dernier atelier, le benefice de la prise en charge est moins important mais toujours significatif pour le groupe MUSIQUE uniquement. Conclusion Chacun des ateliers artistiques ameliore au quotidien l’etat emotionnel des patients souffrant d’une DTA. Les benefices les plus forts et les plus durables sont cependant obtenus par la prise en charge via la musique. Il existerait donc bien un effet specifique de la musique sur l’etat emotionnel des patients DTA compatible avec la proposition selon laquelle “La musique est la langue des emotions”.
European Journal of Psychology of Education | 2007
Loris Schiaratura; Françoise Askevis-Leherpeux
This study analysed the effects of the nonverbal behaviour of an examiner on low and high achievers’ psychometric performances. The examiner, who was blind to children’s’ achievement level, varied the nonverbal style she adopted when giving instructions. As expected, a warm style led children to score higher than a neutral one. Moreover, warmth effect did not depend on achievement level. It implies that the nonverbal behaviour of an examiner may modify psychological assessments and play a subtle role both in educational decisions and educational guidance.RésuméCette recherche analyse les résultats d’enfants à des tests psychométriques en fonction du style non verbal adopté par l’examinatrice pendant la phase de lecture des consignes et de leur niveau scolaire, qu’elle ignore. Conformément aux attentes, les scores sont plus élevés quand les consignes ont été données dans un style chaleureux plutôt que neutre. Cet effet ne dépend pas du niveau scolaire de l’enfant. Cela implique que le comportement non verbal d’un examinateur peut modifier l’évaluation psychologique d’un enfant et jouer ainsi un rôle subtil dans les décisions éducatives et l’orientation scolaire.
Alzheimers & Dementia | 2013
Pauline Narme; Sylvain Clément; Nathalie Erhlé; Loris Schiaratura; Bruno Courtaigne; Frédéric Munsch; Séverine Samson
PC-004 EFFICACY OF MUSICAL INTERVENTIONS IN MODERATE TO SEVERE DEMENTIA: EVIDENCE FROM A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL Pauline Narme, Sylvain Cl ement, Nathalie Erhl e, Loris Schiaratura, Bruno Courtaigne, Fr ed eric Munsch, S everine Samson, Neuropsychology of Aging, Paris Descartes University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; LNFP-NCA, University Lille 3 North of France, Department of Psychology, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, CMRR de Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France; PSITEC, University Lille 3 North of France, Department of Psychology, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; CHU de Reims Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France; CHU de Reims, Pôle EHPAD-USLD, Reims, France. Contact e-mail: [email protected]
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | 2013
Pauline Narme; Sylvain Clément; Nathalie Ehrlé; Loris Schiaratura; Sylvie Vachez; Bruno Courtaigne; Frédéric Munsch; Séverine Samson