Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira Aparecido

Épocas de florescimento e colheita da nogueira-macadâmia para áreas cafeícolasda regiäo sudeste

O cultivo da nogueira-macadâmia e rentavel economicamente e consiste em uma opcao para a arborizacao do cafeeiro em diversas regioes; entretanto, a unica restricao de manejo e que as datas de colheita do cafe nao coincidam com as da macadâmia. O objetivo do trabalho e estimar as provaveis datas de florescimento e da queda natural dos frutos (colheita) para varias localidades que apresentam o cultivo do cafe nas regioes da Zona da Mata e sul de Minas Gerais, leste de Sao Paulo e sul do Espirito Santo. Foram utilizadas series historicas de dados de temperatura maxima e minima do ar (oC) e a precipitacao (mm) de estacoes meteorologicas da regiao Sudeste que apresentam o cultivo cafeeiro e que sao aptas climaticamente para a nogueira-macadâmia. Utilizando dados medios mensais de temperatura do ar e total pluviometrico, foram calculados a evapotranspiracao potencial e os balancos hidricos sequenciais, alem do somatorio dos graus-dia para todas as localidades. As melhores datas de colheita da nogueira-macadâmia foram determinadas em funcao dos periodos que evitam as datas de colheita dos cafeeiros e tambem as epocas em que ha ocorrencia de precipitacoes (> 10 mm). As localidades com maior precocidade foram Sao Mateus - ES, e Vitoria - ES, e as tardias foram Barbacena - MG, Caldas -MG, e Campos do Jordao - SP. Para todas as localidades analisadas, nao houve problema na utilizacao da nogueira-macadâmia como arborizacao, visto que a colheita nao ocorre ao mesmo tempo do cafe, exceto em Campos do Jordao. Eventuais precipitacoes podem ocorrer durante a colheita e atrapalhar o processo.

Influencia das condições climáticas na produtividade e qualidade do cafeeiro produzido na região do Sul de Minas Gerais

Coffee is one of the main Brazilian export products and few studies dealing the climate influence on the yield and quality of coffee are found. This study aimed this word evaluate the climatic influence on yield and quality of coffee produced in crops with and without irrigation at different ages in southern Minas Gerais. The treatments consisted of the combination of ages of crops (2, 3 and 8 years) and water irrigation (with and without irrigation), totaling 6 treatments. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in the agricultural year 2014 in Muzambinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We evaluated the components of yield and quality of the coffee. The weather conditions during the year 2014 were atypical for the region. The coffee crop under rainfed conditions with 2 years has shown greater number of defects and fruit floats and lower density and grain yield. The hydric deficit and the air temperature were the meteorological elements with the greatest influence on yield of coffee. The weather conditions atypical not affect the quality of beverage and granulometric characteristics of coffee crops.

Maturation periods for Coffea arabica cultivars and their implications for yield and quality in Brazil: Maturation periods for Coffea arabica cultivars

BACKGROUND Climatic conditions directly affect the maturation period of coffee plantations, affecting yield and beverage quality. The quality of coffee beverages is highly correlated with the length of fruit maturation, which is strongly influenced by meteorological elements. The objective was to estimate the probable times of graining and maturation of the main coffee varieties in Brazil and to quantify the influences of climate on coffee maturation. We used degree days to estimate flowering/graining periods (green fruit) and flowering/maturation periods (cherry fruit) for all cultivars. We evaluated the influence of climate on the time of maturity using Pearson correlation and nonlinear regression analysis and successfully mapped the influences of these elements. RESULTS Arabica coffee matured up to 2-3 months earlier in São Paulo, where air temperatures (TAIR ) were higher, than in Minas Gerais, which would allow earlier harvesting and the training of seedlings at the beginning of the rainy season. Catuaí-Amarelo-IAC-62 cultivar needed 205-226 days between the end of flowering and maturation at locations with high TAIR and 375-396 days at locations with low TAIR . CONCLUSION Water surplus and deficit were generally the most important variables for coffee maturation. Coffee matured faster in regions with high TAIR and evapotranspiration, moderate altitudes and deficits. Acaiá-Cerrado-MG-1474 and Icatu-Precoce-Amarelo-3282 were cultivars with an early cycle.