Luci Sayori Murata

PCR multiplex for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhi and Typhimurium and occurrence in poultry meat

The occurrence of foodborne diseases is increasing throughout the world. Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are responsible for food poisoning and, in some cases, may be fatal. The aim of this study was to adapt the multiplex PCR technique (mPCR) on the rapid and direct identification of the presence of Salmonella sp. as well as serotypes Enteritidis, Typhi and Typhimurium in poultry carcasses (n=127) and viscera (n=73). The implementation of the standard technique using positive controls was successfully adapted. The results of Salmonella sp. detection in refrigerated viscera showed that the mPCR was able to detect Salmonella genus in 2.74% of these samples. Traditional microbiological analysis also identified the same positive samples for Salmonella sp. but was not able to differentiate the serotype. The serotype Enteritidis was detected by mPCR in 1.37% of the samples. Our conclusion was that the mPCR was able to detect the presence of these bacteria in a short period of time and enabled the identification of serotype Enteritidis in one of the samples found positive for Salmonella sp.

Causes of condemnation of carcasses from poultry in slaughterhouses located in State of Goiás, Brazil

The aim of this research was to detect the principal reasons for condemnation of poultry carcasses in two slaughterhouses (A and B); located in the southeastern region of the State of Goias, Brazil. The data were collected by the federal veterinary inspection services of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture between January and April 2007. The principal causes of condemnation observed in both industries were cellulite, contusion/ fractures and bruises, as well as contamination due to gut severance at evisceration. The three main values observed for each of the causes were different between the slaughter houses. In A, cellulite was the main cause of condemnation with 51.20% of all condemnations, followed by 5.67% for contusion/ fractures and bruising and 33.61% for contamination by evisceration. In B, the major cause of condemnation was 28.90% due to fractures/ contusion and bruising, followed by 25.27% for cellulite and 22.50% for contamination. Other causes of condemnation were observed, however in minute quantities in both industries (<10% to A and <23% to B). The high cellulite occurrence in A was due to the high density of the poultry in sheds (17 or 18 chickens m-2). The greater value for fractures/ contusion and bruising verified in B was due to the inefficiency during capture in the sheds and putting on hooks in the slaughterhouse. Carcass lesions were also caused by insensitization because of non-uniformity in the poultry groups. Contamination by residues due to gut severance, mainly intestines, was attributed to problems in adjustment of machinery and non- uniformity of lots in industry A. In industry B the value detected within an acceptable level of failure in evisceration for machine, according to the manufacturer. All problems observed suggest a failure in handling, cellulite and mainly failures in pre slaughter and slaughter procedure to prevent contusions, fractures and bruising.

Características de carcaça, componentes não-carcaça e composição tecidual e química da 12ª costela de cordeiros Santa Inês terminados em pasto com três gramíneas no período seco

Carcass traits, non-carcass components and 12th rib yield of Santa Ines sheep finished in rotational grazing with three different tropical grasses (A. gayanus Kunth. cv. Planaltina, P. maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana and P. maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) were evaluated in the dry season of the year. A completely randomized design with 11 sheep (3 months old and 18.8 ± 2.88 kg LW) in each treatment was used. Animals were supplemented with increasing levels of concentrate, as advancing of the dry season, besides ad libitum mineral salt. At the end of 82 days of experiment, the animals were slaughtered, in the previous day of the slaughter; loin eye area (LYA) was measured using ultra-sound (EMUS). Carcasses were evaluated for slaughter weight (SW), hot carcass weight (HCW), hot carcass dressing (HCD), carcass length (CL), subcutaneous fat score (SFATS), hot half carcass weight (HHCW), half carcass cuts (Rib/Belly, Rack, Back, Shoulder, Leg and Neck), skin weight (SKIN), thoracic (TV) and abdominal (AV) viscera and testicular (TE). The 12th rib was evaluated for total weight (TW), LYA, amount and percentage of muscle (MUSC), bone (BONE) and fat (FAT) as well as chemical composition. The characteristics SW, HCD, HHCW, SKIN and FAT did not differ between animals finished on Aruana and Tanzania grass, however were superior to those on andropogon grass. The yields on Neck, Rib/Belly and Rack in animals finished in tanzânia grass was superior to those on andropogon grass and aruana grass, which did not differ between itself. The other carcass traits, non-carcass components and 12th rib analyses did not differ between treatments. Sheep kept on aruana grass and tanzania grass howed better carcass traits with more satisfactory production levels when compared to the animals finished on andropogon grass.

Doságem de cortisol sánguíneo em suínos submetidos áo mánejo pré-ábáte e insensibilizáção elétricá

SUMMARY The dosage of cortisol concentration has beenused as stress measure parameter of swinebreedings. Serum cortisol concentration wasdetermined in finishing pigs in rest (group 1) andin finishing pigs submmited to pre-slaughter han-dling and electric sttuning (group 2). Blood fromslaughtered swine were collected immediatelyafter sttuning. Cortisol concetration average forgroup 1 animal was of 21.70 ng/ml while for thegroup 2 was of 74.5 ng/ml, the difference betweencortisol levels were significant (p<0.001)suggesting stressfull condition of pre-slaughterhandilng and electric sttunig for those studied. ThepH average of carcasses from the animalsslaughtered after 24 h in the cold chamber was 6.2and in their visual evaluation, carcasses withcharacteristics PSE (pale, soft and exsudative) orDFD (dry, firm and dark) were not detected. INTRODUCAOA implementacao de nova tecnologianos sistemas de criacao, o melhoramentogenetico do rebanho, o controle sanitario,vem consolidando o consumo da carnesuina seja industrializada, ou

Desempenho de suínos de dois cruzamentos de linhagens comerciais criados em cama sobreposta

Este experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o desempenho de suinos criados em cama sobreposta, foram utilizados 480 animais, distribuidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, num arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (cruzamentos x sexos), com tres repeticoes de quarenta animais por unidade experimental. Foi avaliada a espessura de toucinho (ET) entre a 10a e 11a costela e na altura P2 e area de olho de lombo (AOL) utilizando-se ultra-som em tempo real e as caracteristicas de desempenho. Verificou-se que houve efeito do sexo, onde machos apresentaram resultados superiores para consumo semanal (CS) e diario (CD) de racao, entretanto, a conversao (CA) e eficiencia alimentar (EA) apresentaram resultados inferiores quando comparados as femeas. Nao se observou efeito no ganho de peso diario (GPD) e peso final (PF), entre macho e femea. Suinos provenientes de ambos os cruzamentos e sexos apresentaram resultados satisfatorios e podem ser produzidos no sistema de cama sobreposta, entretanto, as femeas suinas apresentaram melhor desempenho zootecnico.

Avaliação histológica dos testículos de ovinos da raça Santa Inês nascidos em diferentes estações do ano

Four groups of Santa Ines male sheep born in four seasons in the Distrito Federal were analyzed to evaluate the age and body weight at puberty, at which point were castrated. Histological measurements were carried out on the testicles to evaluate cellular parameters and size measurements of the seminiferous tubules. The effect of the group on cellular parameters was significant (P<0.01). Animals born in the dry season were more precocious than the others, but showed the worst histological profile of the testis. The histological traits of the testis of the Santa Ines rams were influenced by the season. The end of the rainy season was shown to the best season for births of sheep in the Central region of Brazil, with histological testicular traits at puberty being superior to the other groups.

Ocorrência e diferenciação de espécies de Listeria spp. em salsichas tipo hot dog a granel e em amostras de carne moída bovina comercializadas no Distrito Federal

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen disclosed by foods. Its accurate identification is important for the correct determination of the risk associated with the ingestion of food. The aim of this research was to determine the occurrence of Listeria spp. in samples of hot dog sausages and ground beef, sold in bulk in the Federal District. A total of 162 samples, 127 hot dog sausages and 35 samples of ground beef cattle, were analyzed. The isolation and identification of the genus were made by conventional methodology and distinction of species was verified by specific biochemical kit (API-Listeria®) and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of 23S rRNA gene. Twenty-six strains of Listeria spp. were isolated. Samples of hot dog sausages identified 18 strains of Listeria innocua and 08 strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Of the 35 samples of ground beef cattle were isolated, 16 strains of Listeria spp., 12 strains of Listeria innocua and 04 strains of Listeria monocytogenes. There was total agreement in the distinction of Listeria species using the two methods. The presence of Listeria spp. in samples of hot dog sausages and ground beef, sold in bulk in commercial establishment of the Federal District represents a risk to consumer health.

Determination of metabolizable energy value of corn with different average geometric diameters for european quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix)

Metabolizable energy (ME) of corn with different ge ometric diameters was determined in European quail with 26 days of age with 124 g of mean live weight, using t he Total Collection of Excreta Method. One hundred and twenty five quails were divided in five treatments, five r eplications with five quails each, with one treatme nt used to determine endogenous losses. Values of Average Geom etric Diameter (AGD) of the corn were 600, 800, 100 0 and 1200 µm. ME of corn was not affected by AGD. Average valu es were 3079, 3274, 3300, 3137 Kcal/kg respectively for apparent metabolizable energy, corrected appare nt metabolizable energy, true metabolizable energy, corrected true metabolizable energy. Key word: metabolizable apparent energy, metabolizable true energy, particle size, total collections of excre ta.