Lúcia da Costa Ferreira

Dimensões humanas da biodiversidade: mudanças sociais e conflitos em torno de áreas protegidas no Vale do Ribeira, SP, Brasil

This article aims to discuss the theoretical frames that supports biodiversity conservation policy in Brazil: the paradigm of biodiversity isles surrounded by areas altered by predatory human action and the paradigm of regional biodiversity, which foresees the creation and maintenance of a network of protected areas integrated to their regional context and different perspectives of social dynamics within and in the surrounds of the areas taken as priorities for conservation. The main hypothesis is that the outcome of human activity in protected areas is mostly due to the social conflicts about these areas than to the aggregation of traditional populations into the process of natural resources sustainable management. The article will also analyze some results of previous research projects: Forest and sea: utilization and conflicts in the Ribeira Valley, SP (Fapesp n. 99/14514-1) and Social conflicts and changes in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest protected areas (Fapesp n. 01/07992-1).

Conflitos sociais contemporâneos: considerações sobre o ambientalismo brasileiro

This article makes use of the analytical tools of the Theory of Action regarding social movements and contemporary social conflicts, as well as reflections about NGOs, in order to outline a suitable explanatory model to understand relevant aspects of the contemporary environmentalism. The initial hypothesis is that the crisis experienced by leaders and militants is caused by a two-side difficulty: on one hand, its constitution as a unique social actor with a cultural project of society and, on the other hand, its double performance as a social actor and a political agent. From then on, our purpose is to understand the change caused by the social action of the environmental NGOs in its everyday dimension. The NGOs have an outstanding role in the deep process of social learning that mobilizes very different categories of social actors, as well as, in the final establishment of an environmental field. Besides the national and international theoretical debate on the subject, this article is also based on the direct observation of the environmentalists everyday action since the CNUMAD-92.

Ecossistemas florestais: interação homem-ambiente

*MORAN, Emilio F. OSTROM, Elinor (Orgs.). Ecossistemas Florestais: Interacao Homem-Ambiente. Traducao: Diogenes S. ALVES e Mateus BATISTELLA. Traduzido de: Seeing and the trees: Human-environment interactions in Forest ecossistems 2005. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sao Paulo: Editora SENAC/EDUSP, 2009. 544 p. ISBN: 85-314-1134-3

Experiências brasileiras e o debate sobre comunicação e governança do risco em áreas contaminadas por chumbo

This investigation focused on lead contamination case studies in Brazil. The situations studied involve communities living in Santo Amaro da Purificacao and Adrianopolis, in the north-east and south of Brazil, respectively. These communities have all had to live with environmental contamination and human exposure to lead as a consequence of industrial, mining and processing activities that were conducted by the same company for decades in a manner inconsistent with modern mining and industrial standards, with little control of environmental and human health impacts. The investigation sought to analyze the strategies of risk communication to local people, and to evaluate their engagement in risk management. The methodological approach included the analysis of newspaper articles, and interviews conducted with different stakeholders, such as residents, journalists, researchers and authorities. The results indicated the need to promote public involvement in the debate and in the decision-making process. The results also confirmed the hypothesis that associative models (represented by local neighborhood associations, for instance) are important for promoting and eliciting public participation in risk management.

Methodological proposals for research on risk and adaptation: experiences in Brazil and Australia

In this article the authors introduce a debate about focus groups and scenarios planning with stakeholders and researchers as methodological tools for qualitative studies on risks aimed to investigate perceptions and needs, to debate proposals and solutions, as well as to promote the participation of the extended peer community in producing knowledge and dealing with risks associated to extreme events and environmental change. Considering this theoretical and methodological approach the paper focuses on two research projects undertaken in urbanizes coastal areas in Brazil (North Coast of Sao Paulo) and in Australia (Nort Cost of Queensland), between 2011 and 2013. The findings highlight that both methods achieved the proposed goals and improved the dialogue and articulation between scientists and stakeholders.In this article the authors introduce a debate about focus groups and scenarios planning with stakeholders and researchers as methodological tools for qualitative studies on risks aimed to investigate perceptions and needs, to debate proposals and solutions, as well as to promote the participation of the extended peer community in producing knowledge and dealing with risks associated to extreme events and environmental change. Considering this theoretical and methodological approach the paper focuses on two research projects undertaken in urbanizes coastal areas in Brazil (North Coast of Sao Paulo) and in Australia (Nort Cost of Queensland), between 2011 and 2013. The findings highlight that both methods achieved the proposed goals and improved the dialogue and articulation between scientists and stakeholders.

Comunicação e governança do risco: A experiência brasileira em áreas contaminadas por chumbo

Considering the contemporary debate on themes involving risk situations in contaminated areas, some relevant concepts about risk communication and risk governance are discussed in this article. A critical analysis of two case studies on communities exposed to lead Brazil is presented: in Adrianopolis (Ribeira Valley, State of Parana) and Santo Amaro da Purificacao (State of Bahia).

Riscos geotécnicos e vulnerabilidade social em zonas costeiras: desigualdades e mudanças climáticas

As zonas costeiras sao areas de potenciais riscos ambientais, sobretudo no contexto de eventos climaticos extremos. Ha uma importante parcela da populacao vivendo em zonas costeiras, enfatizando a importância de caracterizar as situacoes de riscos e vulnerabilidade nessa regiao. Este trabalho realizou uma analise na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hidricos (UGRHi-3) - Litoral Norte de Sao Paulo e sub-bacias, indicando a distribuicao de riscos geotecnicos associados a: escorregamentos em areas potenciais de ocupacao (12,3%), de inundacao (1,8%) e recalques dos solo (13,5%). Os resultados apontam para uma situacao de pelo menos dez anos de areas que tem permanecido em condicoes de alta vulnerabilidade social, situadas em areas de riscos geotecnicos considerados de alta/muito alta suscetibilidade, alem de um contraste socioespacial das populacoes em risco. Por fim, apesar de incipiente, ha uma perspectiva positiva para a reducao de riscos e desastres, com a implementacao de politicas publicas orientadas para uma integracao de instrumentos de gestao territorial.

RISK, VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Este articulo aborda el riesgo, la vulnerabilidad y sus implicaciones en la adaptacion de la poblacion a los problemas ya que se enfrentan en su vida cotidiana y del cambio climatico. Basado en la literatura sobre el tema y en el estudio de caso en la costa norte de Sao Paulo - Brasil, el articulo hizo una sintesis de los temas que convergen en el analisis de la vulnerabilidad y la adaptacion al cambio climatico, que se resume en tres componentes: (i) la interdisciplinariedad em invetigaciones sobre el ambiente y sociedad, que exige una analisis multi-escala, (ii) la integracion de las politicas de ordenacion del territorio y (iii) la gobernanza y comunicacion del riesgo. Con base en los resultados de una encuesta de percepcion de riesgo (914 encuestados), los resultados permiten la reflexion para el analisis de vulnerabilidad en tres ejes interconectados (riesgo fisico, la vulnerabilidad social y el papel de la sociedad) que destaca el papel de la poblacion ante situaciones de riesgos fisicos, por lo que se orientan los esfuerzos de trabajo en el manejo integrado y participativo para fomentar la participacion de la poblacion para hacer frente y reducir los riesgos de los problemas historicos - pobreza, segregacion social y espacial - o los que estan por venir, ya que los cambios climaticos.Este artigo trata sobre risco, vulnerabilidade e suas implicacoes sobre a adaptacao da populacao aos problemas ja enfrentados em seu cotidiano e os advindos das mudancas climaticas. Com base na literatura sobre o tema e no estudo de caso no litoral norte de Sao Paulo - Brasil, o trabalho buscou sintetizar os temas que convergem na analise da vulnerabilidade e adaptacao as mudancas climaticas, resumidos em tres componentes: (i) a interdisciplinaridade para estudos em ambiente e sociedade, exigindo analise multiescalar, (ii) a integracao de politicas de ordenamento territorial e (iii) a governanca e comunicacao de riscos. Com base em resultados de um levantamento de percepcao de riscos (914 entrevistados), e apresentada uma reflexao para a analise da vulnerabilidade sob tres eixos interconectados (risco fisico, vulnerabilidade social e protagonismo), valorizando o grau de protagonismo da populacao que enfrenta as situacoes de riscos do meio fisico, de maneira que sejam orientados esforcos de trabalhos integrados e participativos que propiciem o envolvimento da populacao para enfrentar e reduzir os riscos advindos dos problemas recorrentes e historicos - pobreza, segregacao social e espacial - ou daqueles que estao porvir, como os das mudancas climaticas.

A construção de uma arena ambiental para a conservação da biodiversidade marinha no Chile

In the last years the establishment of Marine Protected Areas has been intensified worldwide. In South America this phenomenon has highlighted the tension between the expansion of fishery production and the conservation of biodiversity. However, recent experiences have shown some local alternatives for marine conservation which are able to conciliate the use and protection of natural resources. Drawing on an empirical research this paper seeks to analyze the development of an environmental arena for marine conservation in Chile, and discusses the institutional trajectory of exploration and management of small-scale fisheries in Cardenal Caro Province. The results point out that the implementation of a Marine Protected Area in the studied region is part of an institutional framework based on sustainable use of fisheries, social relations of conflict and cooperation, and construction of a municipal environmental arena.In recent years there has been a growth in Marine Protected Areas worldwide. In South America this phenomenon has highlighted the tension between the expansion of fishery production and the conservation of biodiversity. However, recent experiences have shown some local alternatives for conservation which are able to conciliate the use and protection of natural resources. Drawing on empirical research this paper seeks to analyze the development of an environmental arena for marine conservation in Chile, and discusses the institutional trajectory of the exploration and management of small-scale fisheries in the Cardenal Caro Province. Results show that the implementation of a Marine Protected Area in the studied region is part of an institutional framework based on sustainable use of fisheries, social relations of conflict and cooperation, and the development of a municipal environmental arena.

RISCO, VULNERABILIDADE E ADAPTAÇÃO ÀS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS: UMA ABORDAGEM INTERDISCIPLINAR

Este articulo aborda el riesgo, la vulnerabilidad y sus implicaciones en la adaptacion de la poblacion a los problemas ya que se enfrentan en su vida cotidiana y del cambio climatico. Basado en la literatura sobre el tema y en el estudio de caso en la costa norte de Sao Paulo - Brasil, el articulo hizo una sintesis de los temas que convergen en el analisis de la vulnerabilidad y la adaptacion al cambio climatico, que se resume en tres componentes: (i) la interdisciplinariedad em invetigaciones sobre el ambiente y sociedad, que exige una analisis multi-escala, (ii) la integracion de las politicas de ordenacion del territorio y (iii) la gobernanza y comunicacion del riesgo. Con base en los resultados de una encuesta de percepcion de riesgo (914 encuestados), los resultados permiten la reflexion para el analisis de vulnerabilidad en tres ejes interconectados (riesgo fisico, la vulnerabilidad social y el papel de la sociedad) que destaca el papel de la poblacion ante situaciones de riesgos fisicos, por lo que se orientan los esfuerzos de trabajo en el manejo integrado y participativo para fomentar la participacion de la poblacion para hacer frente y reducir los riesgos de los problemas historicos - pobreza, segregacion social y espacial - o los que estan por venir, ya que los cambios climaticos.Este artigo trata sobre risco, vulnerabilidade e suas implicacoes sobre a adaptacao da populacao aos problemas ja enfrentados em seu cotidiano e os advindos das mudancas climaticas. Com base na literatura sobre o tema e no estudo de caso no litoral norte de Sao Paulo - Brasil, o trabalho buscou sintetizar os temas que convergem na analise da vulnerabilidade e adaptacao as mudancas climaticas, resumidos em tres componentes: (i) a interdisciplinaridade para estudos em ambiente e sociedade, exigindo analise multiescalar, (ii) a integracao de politicas de ordenamento territorial e (iii) a governanca e comunicacao de riscos. Com base em resultados de um levantamento de percepcao de riscos (914 entrevistados), e apresentada uma reflexao para a analise da vulnerabilidade sob tres eixos interconectados (risco fisico, vulnerabilidade social e protagonismo), valorizando o grau de protagonismo da populacao que enfrenta as situacoes de riscos do meio fisico, de maneira que sejam orientados esforcos de trabalhos integrados e participativos que propiciem o envolvimento da populacao para enfrentar e reduzir os riscos advindos dos problemas recorrentes e historicos - pobreza, segregacao social e espacial - ou daqueles que estao porvir, como os das mudancas climaticas.