Luciana Karine de Souza

Relacionamentos pessoais e sociais: amizade em adultos

La amistad es un relacionamiento importante para el desarrollo social, emocional y cognitivo, pero la mayor parte de los estudios trata de la amistad en la ninez y en la adolescencia, habiendo poca enfasis en la investigacion con adultos. El estudio en cuestion presenta una revision de la literatura sobre relacionamentos de amistad en la edad adulta, buscando describir criticamente la produccion cientifica en el area. Estudios brasilenos indican que relacionamientos de amistad en ese pais pueden ser comparados a los de otras culturas y discutidos en base a los modelos teoricos existentes. Sin embargo, hay algunas diferencias que requieren mas estudio incluso para averiguar si los modelos internacionales actuales son satisfactorios para explicar adecuadamente relaciones de amistad entre adultos en la cultura brasilena.Friendship is an important relationship for social, emotional and cognitive development. However, most empirical studies investigate friendship in childhood and adolescence, with little emphasis in adulthood. Current analysis presents a critical review of the literature on friendship among adults, describing the major empirical studies undertaken up to the present. Brazilian studies suggest that friendship among Brazilians might be similar to friendship in other cultures and that international theoretical models may be useful to describe it. Nevertheless, there may be some differences that require further investigation to assess if current models may explain satisfactorily friendship in Brazilian culture.

Adaptação da escala de autocompaixão para uso no Brasil: evidências de validade de construto

This study reports evidences of adaptation, construct validation, and reliability of the Self-Compassion Scale for use in Brazil. Self-compassion is a positive healthy attitude towards the self when facing suffering and diffi culties. It encompasses self-kindness instead of self-judgment, mindfulness instead of over-identifi cation, and common humanity instead of social isolation. A confi rmatory factor analysis endorsed the six-factor structure (six subscales) of the original scale; adequate polychoric correlations were identifi ed among subscales; a higher-order factor was confi rmed via hierarchical model analysis; and internal consistency was .92. The scale is ready for application on Brazilian samples in continuing validation studies, for example, with available measures of social desirability, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety, as well as with similar constructs, such as self-acceptance, mindfulness, emotional selfregulation, and self-judgment.

Promoção de atitudes ambientais favoráveis através de debates de dilemas ecológicos

This research study had the purpose of promoting favorable attitudes toward the environment in adolescents through debates of dilemmas with ecological cont...

Publicações em psicologia do desenvolvimento em dois periódicos nacionais na década de 1990

The present paper aimed to assess the growth of developmental psychology as a research field in Brazil. Forty papers, published by two leading Brazilian psychology journals between 1991 and 2000, were analyzed. This analysis consisted of an examination of authorship, methodological aspects, and the use of references. The results indicated the prevalence of empirical papers, studies with children and adolescents, and the use of descriptive statistical techniques. Most of the research was conducted in the state of Sao Paulo and by researchers from federal and state universities. A comparison of the first and second halves of the decade showed a significant increase in the proportion of recent references as well as references to books and chapters. The results are discussed within the Brazilian context of the advances in research in the field of developmental psychology.

Amizade, infância e TDAH

Friendship in childhood promotes cognitive development, subjective well-being, and social support. Nevertheless, gaps in the empirical and theoretical investigations posit the need for further studies. This paper aims at reviewing recurrent conceptual perspectives and empirical studies used in research on childrens friendships. It also reviews research conducted with Brazilian children. It discusses friendship in children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) based on Brazilian and international studies. Finally, those studies are critically analyzed and future research endeavors on friendship in children with and without ADHD in the country are suggested. Key words: friendship, development, disorder.

O debate de dilemas morais na universidade

Este trabajo presenta una reflexion sobre el uso de la tecnica de debates de dilemas morales con estudiantes de Psicologia y sobre la elaboracion de dilemas por ellos. El uso de la tecnica de discusion de dilemas en el contexto educativo, en particular en la universidad, pese a no tener como objetivo promover la madurez del juicio moral, indirectamente puede ofrecer avances en relacion a la reflexion sobre los contenidos estudiados, asi como tambien sobre las experiencias de vida de los propios estudiantes. Se espera que el trabajo contribuya para la comprension de la aplicacion de la tecnica de discusion de dilemas morales como recurso didactico en disciplinas sobre temas asociados, como son el desarrollo moral o la etica profesional. Principalmente se espera que se abra un nuevo espacio de reflexion sobre la practica profesional del psicologo para los universitariosThis study presents some ideas about the use of mor al dilemma discussions technique and the preparatio n of semi-real dilemmas, in Psychology undergraduates. The use of dilemma discussion techn ique in an educative context, such as the universit y, may offer some advance as in regard to the contents studied, as well as to the students’ life experiences. It is expected that this study contrib ute to the understanding of the application of the moral dilemma discussion technique as a didactic resource in ourses about themes alike, such as moral devel opment and ethics. Above all one expects that a new opportunity for reasoning about the practice of Psychology as a profession opens up to undergradua tes.

Attitudes toward peace, war and violence in five countries

This study investigated attitudes towards peace, war and violence in students from five countries: Brazil, Chile, Germany, Portugal, and the USA. The total sample consisted of 171 male and female adolescents and adults. An 11‐item questionnaire about peace, war and violence was developed. The data were submitted to content analysis by groups of three analysts. Results indicated age‐group differences as well as similarities among all participants. Adolescents presented simple answers about wars. Brazilians and Chileans suggested that raising awareness is a solution to the violence experienced in daily life. All participants indicated a disbelief in the possibility of a worldwide government. All students cited education and dialogue as solutions to violence.

Amizade e bem-estar subjetivo

Friendship contributes to subjective well-being, and this study analyzed the relationship between these variables. 116 university students from Belo Horizonte and 116 from Porto Alegre, both cities in Brazil, responded to the McGill Friendship Questionnaires, the PANAS scales and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Women showed more satisfaction and positive feelings towards their best friend; students from Belo Horizonte reported more negative feelings; friendship satisfaction correlated positively with life satisfaction and positive affect, but did not predict life satisfaction. There was a close, yet not causal, relation between subjective well-being and friendship. Joint satisfaction with friends, family, and romance is necessary for subjective well-being, as suggested by scientific literature. Research in Brazil could direct efforts to joint analyzes of these relationships.

Self-compassion in relation to self-esteem, self-efficacy and demographical aspects

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as relacoesentre autocompaixao, autoestima e autoeficacia e diferencas de sexo, idade e de outras variaveis sociodemograficas na autocompaixao. Participaram 432 adultos (50% mulheres), de 24 estados brasileiros, preenchendo dados sociodemograficos e um conjunto de tres escalas: autocompaixao, autoestima e autoeficacia. Comparacoes de medias da autocompaixao por grupos compostos a partir dos dados sociodemograficos permitiram observar maior autocompaixao em: homens, com idade entre 31 e 66 anos, sem uso de medicacao psiquiatrica, sem atividade remunerada e com filhos. Os resultados tambem mostraram que autocompaixao apresenta correlacoes elevadas com autoeficacia e autoestima. Salienta-se que os resultados sao atinentes a esta amostra e que mais estudos precisam ser conduzidos no Brasil sobre autocompaixao.This study investigated relationships between self-compassion, self-efficacy, and self-esteem, as well as age and sex differences and other sociodemographic variables in relation to self-compassion. Four-hundred and thirty-two Brazilian adults (50% women) from nearly all country states participated in the study filling out a sociodemographic survey and three scales: self-compassion, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Comparisons of means between self-compassion and pairs of groups designed by sociodemographic data showed higher self-compassion in men, people aged from 31 to 66 years-old, not under psychiatric medication, without a job, and with children. Results also showed that self-compassion is highly correlated with self-esteem and self-efficacy. We highlight that results are sample dependent and further studies on self-compassion need to be conducted in Brazil.

O conceito de felicidade em crianças

Com o intuito de contribuir para a compreensao do bem-estar subjetivo e o aprimoramento dos processos de avaliacao da qualidade de vida subjetiva infantil, este estudo buscou conhecer o conceito de felicidade em criancas. Participaram 200 criancas (52,5% meninas) de 5-12 anos, estudantes de escolas publicas e privadas de Porto Alegre, que responderam individualmente sobre o que pensam sobre a palavra felicidade e como definem felicidade. As respostas foram analisadas por analise de conteudo, e comparacoes foram efetuadas para sexo, faixa etaria e tipo de escola. Os conteudos mais mencionados foram sentimentos positivos, lazer e amigos. As meninas destacaram sentimentos positivos na felicidade, enquanto os meninos referiram mais o lazer. A realizacao de estudos com base na visao das proprias criancas viabiliza avaliacoes mais adequadas da satisfacao de vida e do bem-estar subjetivo infantil, bem como o desenvolvimento de programas de intervencao mais efetivos junto as mesmas.