Luciano Nakazato

Fotossensibilização e colangiopatia associada a cristais em ovinos em pastagem com Brachiaria decumbens

Two outbreaks of photosensitization were observed in sheep grazing Brachiaria decumbens in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. Clinical signs included swelling and dermatitis of the face, ears and eyelids, conjuntivitis. ocular discharge, blindness, and increased serum levels of AST e GT. Some sheep recoveredand others died within 3-7 days. The livers were sligthy enlarged and firm with white-yellowish or brown-yellowish discoloration. The bile ducts and gall bladder were sligthly enlarged. The main histological changes were the presence of optically active birefringent crystals in the bile ducts and within hepatocytes of periportal areas. Necrosis of the bile duct epithelium, periportal fibrosis with infiltration of inflammatory cells and bile duct proliferation were also observed. Groups of large cells with excentric nuclei and foamy eosinofilic cytoplasm werepresent in the periportal and centrilobular areas. Numerous groups of such cells were also observed in the cortex and medulla of the hepatic lymph nodes. No couhtable amounts of spores of Pithomyces chartarum were observed in the samples from the pasture where the seep grazed; from 30 cultures isolated from these samples, only one produced sporidesmin. It is concluded that the toxicosis was due the ingestion of Brachiaria decumbens.

Molecular characterization of ovine zygomycosis in central western Brazil.

Zygomycosis is an important granulomatous disease that affects humans and animals, particularly sheep in tropical regions. Rhinofacial and nasopharyngeal zygomycosis were described in sheep in association with Conidiobolus spp. The present study characterized 5 samples of Conidiobolus isolated from 3 herds with clinical disease in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The clinical and pathological findings were similar to nasopharyngeal zygomycosis. Based on morphological features, isolates were classified as Conidiobolus spp., and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18S ribosomal DNA grouped all isolates in a Conidiobolus lamprauges cluster. The current report describes the molecular characterization of ovine nasopharyngeal zygomycosis associated with C. lamprauges.

Fotossensibilização e colangiopatia associada a cristais em caprinos mantidos sob pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens no Mato Grosso do Sul

This study describes two outbreaks of hepatic photosensitization in goats grazing Brachiaria decumbens, in Mato Grosso do Sul state. Brazil. The outbreaks occured in May and June. 2 four-month-old goats in a total of 18 animals (case l), and 15 out of 100 goats of 3-4 months old of age (case 2) were affected. It was observed increased serum levels of g GT (g- glutamyltransferase) in 2 goats that showed clinical signs of photosensitization. The histopathological findings revealed cholangiohepatitis associated with the presence of refringent crystals. Brachiaria decumbens is incriminated as the probable etiology of the photosensitization.

Conidiobolomicose causada por Conidiobolus lamprauges em ovinos no Estado de Santa Catarina

An outbreak of conidiobolomycosis affecting sheep in the State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil is reported. The disease occurred in six Santa Ines breed sheep from a flock of 75 during the rainy season. Common clinical signs were noisy respiration and dyspnea, serous to mucosanguineous nasal discharge and exophthalmus. At necropsy there was a dense yellow mass in the nasopharyngeal area affecting the ethmoidal region, turbinate bones and occasionally limph nodes, central nervous system and pleura. Histopathologycally there was multifocal granulomas whith an eosinophilic necrotic reaction containing ribbon type hyphae similar to zygomycetous fungi. At molecular examination Conidiobolus lamprauges DNA was detected. The clinical, epidemiological, macroscopical, microscopical and molecular aspects characterize conidiobolomycosis caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges in sheep.

Prevalência de Salmonella sp. em suínos abatidos no Estado de Mato Grosso

The present study aims to determine the prevalence of Salmonella sp. in pigs in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection at Mato Grosso, Brazil. Samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and tonsils were collected in three abattoirs from different regions. Three hundred samples were processed; fifty (16.6%) were positive for Salmonella sp. and belonged to fourteen different serological types. The most common serotypes were Derby (16%), Typhimurium (14%), London (12%) and Give (12%). The epidemiological results obtained show a low prevalence of this bacterium when compared to studies in other Brazilian states.

FIRST REPORT ON Cryptococcus neoformans IN PIGEON EXCRETA FROM PUBLIC AND RESIDENTIAL LOCATIONS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF CUIABÁ, STATE OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL

SUMMARY Cryptococcosis is a severe systemic mycosis caused by two species of Cryptococcus that affect humans and animals: C. neoformans and C. gattii. Cosmopolitan and emergent, the mycosis results from the interaction between a susceptible host and the environment. The occurrence of C. neoformans was evaluated in 122 samples of dried pigeon excreta collected in 49 locations in the City of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, including public squares (n = 5), churches (n = 4), educational institutions (n = 3), health units (n = 8), open areas covered with asbestos (n = 4), residences (n = 23), factory (n = 1) and a prison (n = 1). Samples collected from July to December of 2010 were seeded on Niger seed agar (NSA). Dark brown colonies were identified by urease test, carbon source assimilation tests and canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue medium. Polymerase chain reaction primer pairs specific for C. neoformans were also used for identification. Cryptococcus neoformans associated to pigeon excreta was isolated from eight (6.6%) samples corresponding to six (12.2%) locations. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from urban areas, predominantly in residences, constituting a risk of acquiring the disease by immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.

Natural Infection of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Mus musculus Captured in Mato Grosso, Brazil

We report natural infection by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Mus musculus and Necromys lasiurus using molecular analyses (PCR-RFLP) of femoral bone marrow and skin fragments. The aim of this study was to detect infection by pathogenic species of Leishmania in small mammals in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The animals were captured in Peixoto de Azevedo, a cutaneous leishmaniasis-endemic region located in the north of the state, from October 30 to November 3, 2008. Natural infection by Leishmania in synanthropic rodents may be a threat to humans due to cohabitation of human domiciles in this area.

Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis Due to Toxoplasma gondii in a Black-headed Night Monkey (Aotus nigriceps)

Abstract This report describes toxoplasmosis infection in a black-headed night monkey (Aotus nigriceps) from the Zoological Park of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The animal was submitted alive to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso presenting neurologic clinical signs. There were no improvements on the animals clinical condition after treatment, so it was euthanized. At necropsy, the most significant gross lesions observed were hemorrhages diffusely scattered throughout the cerebral hemispheres. Histologic findings were characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis and mild multifocal necrotizing nonsuppurative myocarditis. Groups of tachyzoites and cysts were observed surrounding the inflamed areas of cerebral parenchyma. Sections of the brain were submitted for immunohistochemistry examination for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum and also for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii. The samples were positive for Toxoplasma gondii by PCR; however, cross reactivity was observed between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies. These findings were consistent with a toxoplasmosis infection in this animal.

Detecção molecular de herpesvírus bovino 1 e 5 em amostras de encéfalo conservadas em formol e emblocadas em parafina provenientes de bovinos com doença neurológica

Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) is an important cause of neurological disease in cattle in the Midwest Brazil. The application of molecular diagnostic techniques represents an important contribution for the study of BoHV. This paper describes the detection of BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 by a specific multiplex PCR assay in 76 paraffin-embedded samples from central nervous system (CNS) of cattle with neurological disorders. The samples were divided into 2 groups according to the histological features: Group 1 was composed of 40 cases of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (characteristic of BoHV infection), and Group 2 was composed of 36 cases of nonspecific nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis. Positive results for BoHV-5 accounted for 40% of the samples in the group 1 and 33% in the group 2. No detection of BoHV-1 was recorded.

Occurrence and molecular characterization of cryptococcosis in dogs and cats in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Cryptococcosis is an infection that affects humans and animals, the etiology is attributed to Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans, C. neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii. The infection is common in dogs and cats, causing respiratory, neurological, cutaneous and ocular infections. Aiming to better understand the epidemiology of cryptococcosis in animals in the region, this paper describe the occurrence and characterization of the Cryptococcus species involved in this illness in pet animals at Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Clinical samples of four cases, two in cats and two dogs, were submitted for pathological, microbiological and molecular analysis. Microscopically, in three cases, tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin had absence to severe granulomatous reaction composed by histiocytes, multinucleated cells and lymphocytes infiltration. In one case, citological imprint analysis showed similar inflammatory mainly mononuclear and lymphocyte cells infiltration. All cases had variable amounts of intracellular and extracellular fungal structures compatible with Cryptococcus sp. on Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. All clinical samples were positive for culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and morphologically classified as Cryptococcus sp. The isolates were PCR positive for C. gatti, being confirmed by sequencing technique. The findings characterize the molecular species involved in animal infections in the region, and may contribute to future studies of the epidemiology of C. gattii.