Lúcio Flavo Lopes Vasconcelos

VARIABILIDADE DE CARACTERíSTICAS FÍSICAS E QUÍMICAS DE FRUTOS DE GERMOPLASMA DE BACURI DA REGIÃO MEIO-NORTE DO BRASIL

ABSTRACT – The objective of this study was to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of bacury fruits collected fromselected plants of occurrence in the Mid-North region. The following fruit characteristics were analysed: length e width; averageweight; average polp weight; length to width ratio; peel thickness; percentage of peel; percentage of polp; percentage of seed; numberof seeds/fruit; number of partenocarpic section/fruit; total soluble solids content; titratable acidity, and total soluble soli ds content totitratable acidity ratio. Fruits were collected from 26 selected plants mapped in nine locations in Piaui and Maranhao States. Physicaland chemical fruit characterizatics were evaluated at the Plant Physiology Laboratory of Embrapa Meio-Norte, in Teresina, PI, Brazil.Fruit samples used varied in size according to the availability of fruit production from each selected plant. The variance analysisindicated significant effects for collect local and selected plants for all characteristics analysed, except for the number of partenocarpicsection/fruit for which did not have local effect. Average fruit weight and average polp weight; average fruit weight and fruit width;average polp weight and fruit width; fruit length and peel thickness; fruit length and percentage of peel; peel thickness and p ercentageof peel; and average fruit weight and fruit length showed high values for phenotypic correlations (r

Sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products: A promising and underutilized source of bioactive compounds. Part I: Nutritional composition and lipid profile

The nutritional composition of the sapucaia nut, cake and shell, the nut and cake minerals content and the lipid profile of the nut oil (fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and triacylglycerols) were determined. The nuts and cake exhibited a high content of lipid (47.9 to 60.8 mg 100 g-1), protein (15.8 to 19.5 mg 100 g-1), dietary fiber (16.5 to 22.6 mg 100 g-1) and provided an excellent source of selenium (26.4 to 46.94 μg g-1). The oil contained a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (39.7 to 45.4% of oleic and 32.2 to 46.6% of linoleic acids) and presented a high Oxidative Stability Index (8.57-12.95 h) indicating the presence of antioxidant compounds in the oil. The major triacylglycerols in the sapucaia oil were LLO, PLO, LOO, POO, OOO, PLL and LLL. The main bioactive lipids identified in the oil were γ-tocopherol (19.2 to 28.5 mg 100 g-1) and β-sitosterol (92.8 to 194 mg 100 g-1). The results showed that the sapucaia nut and its by-products are a promising natural source of bioactive and nutritional compounds and when present in the diet can contribute to the maintenance of human health. In addition, the nut and by-product represents a promising raw material for the food industry.

A cultura da manga sob diferentes regimes de profundidades do lençol freático em condições subúmidas

O conhecimento dos criterios agronomicos de drenagem para a cultura da manga e fundamental na elaboracao de sistemas de drenagem para areas com essa cultura e permite antecipar o seu comportamento sob diferentes niveis de drenagem do solo . O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as condicoes de aeracao e umidade do perfil de um solo arenoso (areia franca) sob diferentes regimes de profundidades do lencol freatico, para determinacao de criterios de drenagem para a cultura da manga, cultivar Keitt. O experimento seguiu um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (regimes de profundidades do lencol freatico as distâncias do dreno de 3,5 m; 10,5 m; 17,5 m e sem presenca de lencol freatico) e cinco repeticoes. As profundidades do lencol freatico e os teores de agua no perfil do solo em cada tratamento foram monitorados durante os periodos chuvosos, em tres anos consecutivos (1997-1999). Nao houve diferenca significativa entre as produtividades da cultura nos tratamentos. As diferencas nas profundidades do lencol freatico, nos tratamentos com drenagem, nao foram suficientes para diferenciar o estado da agua no solo nesses tratamentos. O lencol freatico, na profundidade media de 1,0 m, durante os cinco ou seis meses de periodo chuvoso, com recargas temporarias atingindo profundidades proximas da superficie do solo, seguidas de rebaixamento imediato do lencol freatico, nao foi suficiente para afetar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da manga.

ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS USING RELM/BLUP FOR INTRAPOPULATIONAL GENETIC BREEDING OF Platonia insignis Mart.

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters to support the selection of bacuri progenies for a first cycle of recurrent selection, using the REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction) procedure to estimate the variance components and genotypic values. Were evaluated twelve variables in a total of 210 fruits from 39 different seed trees, from a field trial with an experimental design of incomplete blocks with clonal replies among subplots. The three variables related with the fruit development (weight, diameter, length) showed strong correlation, and where fruit length showed higher heritability and potential to be used for indirect selection. Among the 39 progenies evaluated in this study, five present potential to compose the next cycle of recurrent selection, due they hold good selection differential either to agrotechnological variables as to development of bacuri fruit.

HERITABILITY, REPEATABILITY, AND GENETIC GAINS IN A IMPROVEMENT POPULATION OF CAJUÍZEIRO

O cajuizeiro (Anacardium spp) e uma das muitas especies frutiferas arboreas endemicas da regiao Nordeste do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os coeficientes de herdabilidade e repetibilidade das variaveis agrotecnologicas e predizer os ganhos geneticos de uma populacao de melhoramento de cajui da Embrapa Meio Norte. Os dados das variaveis estudadas de cada safra foram avaliados no programa Selegen-REML/BLUP. A ordem das variaveis analisadas foi: V1: peso do fruto (PF, em g), V2: peso do pedunculo (PP, em g), V3: peso da castanha (PC, em g), V4: diâmetro basal (DB, em cm), V5: diâmetro apical (DA, em cm), V6: comprimento do fruto (CP, em cm), V7: firmeza do endosperma (FIRMEZA, em N), V8: teor de vitamina C (VitC, em mg/100g), V9: teor de solidos soluveis totais (SST, em %), V10: pH do endosperma (pH), V11: acidez total titulavel (ATT, em %) e V12: relacao STT/ATT (adimensional). O peso do fruto e teor de vitamina C podem ter seus valores preditos a partir do diâmetro basal e/ou comprimento do pedunculo cujas medidas sao de facil mensuracao. As medianas e altas estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e repetibilidade possibilitaram selecionar precocemente um dos genotipos, 4, com acuracia a partir de duas medicoes (anos). O genotipo 4 apresentou as maiores medias para os atributos fisicos e tecnologicos do fruto, podendo ser considerado candidato a selecao para reproducao assexuada no cultivo com objetivo duplo (consumo in natura e industrializado).

Sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products: A promising and underutilized source of bioactive compounds. Part II: Phenolic compounds profile

In this study, the profile of the bioactive compounds of sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products have been investigated. The phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the total phenolic content, the condensed tannins and the antioxidant activity of the sapucaia nut and shell were determined. 14 phenolic compounds were identified in the sapucaia nut extract, primarily phenolic acids and flavonoids. Catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, ellagic acid and ferulic acid presented significant correlation to the antioxidant activity. The sapucaia shell contained 22 phenolic compounds, 13 of which were quantified. The sapucaia shell extract showed a high content of total phenolic compounds, a high condensed tannins content, and high antioxidant activity. The higher antioxidant activity of the shell can be associated with a higher content of phenolics. Overall, it can be concluded that the sapucaia nut is a raw material rich in phenolic compounds that present high antioxidant activity. The nuts and the cake may be used as a promising raw material for the food industry, while the shells could be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. Further use in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry may also be envisaged.

Conservação e desengorduramento de grãos de pólen de bacurizeiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of methods of oil extraction from bacury (Platonia insignis) pollen grains, on their viability. Seven treatments were evaluated for lipid extraction of pollen grains, five of which by immersion in petroleum ether for 30 s (T1), 60 s (T2), 300 s (T3), 600 s (T4), and 900 s (T5), and two treatments by immersion in 25% alcohol and 75% petroleum ether for 60 s (T6) and 900 s (T7); besides a control without solvents. Subsequently, degreased pollen grains were subjected to an in vitro germination test. Pollen grains subjected to T2, T3, T4, and T5 showed lower lipid content than the control treatment. The T2 treatment provided the highest germination of pollen.