Valdomiro Aurélio Barbosa de Souza

VARIABILIDADE DE CARACTERíSTICAS FÍSICAS E QUÍMICAS DE FRUTOS DE GERMOPLASMA DE BACURI DA REGIÃO MEIO-NORTE DO BRASIL

ABSTRACT – The objective of this study was to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of bacury fruits collected fromselected plants of occurrence in the Mid-North region. The following fruit characteristics were analysed: length e width; averageweight; average polp weight; length to width ratio; peel thickness; percentage of peel; percentage of polp; percentage of seed; numberof seeds/fruit; number of partenocarpic section/fruit; total soluble solids content; titratable acidity, and total soluble soli ds content totitratable acidity ratio. Fruits were collected from 26 selected plants mapped in nine locations in Piaui and Maranhao States. Physicaland chemical fruit characterizatics were evaluated at the Plant Physiology Laboratory of Embrapa Meio-Norte, in Teresina, PI, Brazil.Fruit samples used varied in size according to the availability of fruit production from each selected plant. The variance analysisindicated significant effects for collect local and selected plants for all characteristics analysed, except for the number of partenocarpicsection/fruit for which did not have local effect. Average fruit weight and average polp weight; average fruit weight and fruit width;average polp weight and fruit width; fruit length and peel thickness; fruit length and percentage of peel; peel thickness and p ercentageof peel; and average fruit weight and fruit length showed high values for phenotypic correlations (r

Características físicas e químico-nutricionais de frutos de pequizeiro (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.) em populações naturais da região meio-norte do Brasil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade de caracteristicas fisicas e quimico-nutricionais de frutos de seis populacoes de pequizeiro de ocorrencia nos Estados do Maranhao e Piaui (regiao Meio-Norte do Brasil). Os frutos foram coletados no estadio de maturacao (frutos caidos no chao), na safra de 2008. Analisaram-se as seguintes caracteristicas fisicas do fruto: massa media, massa media da casca, massa media do caroco, massa media da amendoa, percentagem de polpa, relacao comprimento/diâmetro medio do fruto, relacao comprimento/diâmetro medio do caroco, relacao comprimento/diâmetro medio da amendoa e espessura media da casca. Na polpa e na amendoa, foram analisadas as caracteristicas quimico-nutricionais: umidade, gordura, proteina bruta, fibra bruta, cinzas, carboidratos totais, energia e minerais (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn e Fe). Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância, e as medias das populacoes foram comparadas pelo teste de agrupamento Scott-Knott a 5%. Observou-se elevada variabilidade fenotipica entre as populacoes para a maioria dos caracteres analisados. Ambas, polpa e amendoa, mostraram-se ricas em termos nutricionais, sendo a amendoa, porem, bem mais rica. Em media, a populacao de Alto Longa, no Piaui, e uma promissora fonte de variabilidade para a maioria dos caracteres fisicos e quimico-nutricionais estudados.

Freqüência de irrigação em meloeiro cultivado em solo arenoso

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of five irrigation frequencies in the productivity and efficience of water use of melon crop cultivated under fertirrigation by drip irrigation in a sandy soil of the Coast Plains of Piaui, Brazil. The experiment was allocated in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and six replications. The treatments were: F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5, irrigation frequency of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, respectively. The irrigation frequency affected the marketable and total yield of the melon crop. The highest total (70.73 t ha-1; 77.99 t ha-1 and 64.21 t ha-1) and marketable (62.20 t ha-1; 63.88 t ha-1 and 53.67 t ha-1) yields were obtained with the frequencies of 0.5 and 1 day, respectively. It was observed that for the leastest frequent of water applications there was a significative reduction (P<0.01) of the marketable and total fruit yield of melon crop. The average fruit weight was not affected by the frequency of water application. The highest and the lowest efficiency of water use, 24.40 kg m-3 and 14.14 kg m-3, were obtained with the frequencies of F1 and F5, respectively. The irrigation frequency twice a day, daily and two days are indicated for melon crop cultivated in sand soil by drip irrigation. The efficiency of water use for the melon crop is higher when the irrigation frequencies are higher.

Caracterização física e físico-química de frutos de diferentes genótipos de bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de frutos de diferentes genotipos de bacurizeiro provenientes do Estado do Piaui, regiao Meio Norte do Brasil. Frutos maduros foram colhidos de 17 genotipos diretamente do solo, conduzidos a Embrapa Meio Norte, Teresina-PI, onde foram realizadas analises fisicas de peso total, comprimento, diâmetro, rendimento de polpa e numero de sementes. A polpa foi extraida de cada genotipo, dividida em tres lotes iguais, onde cada lote representou uma repeticao, foi acondicionada em sacos plasticos, homogeneizada, congelada a -20 °C e transportada via terrestre, sob refrigeracao, para o Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Tecnologia Pos-colheita da Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, em Fortaleza - CE, onde foram realizadas as analises fisico-quimicas de solidos soluveis, acidez, pH e relacao SST/ATT. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) pelo teste de Tukey a 5%, quando foi constatada a significância pelo testeF. Os genotipos apresentaram diferencas significativas (p < 0,05) para todas as analises realizadas. Para o consumo in natura, destacaram-se as matrizes M6, M14, M22 e M23, por apresentarem caracteristicas de um bom rendimento de polpa e teores de SST e relacao SST/ATT superiores as demais matrizes. Em relacao ao rendimento industrial, os maiores foram observados para as matrizes M5, M14 e M21, considerando-se as caracteristicas de percentagem de polpa e SST superiores a media desse estudo.

Conservação pós-colheita de bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) sob refrigeração e embalado em PVC

Postharvest conservation of bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) packed in PVC and stored under refrigeration In the last years, bacuri has stood out among native fruits with socioeconomic value for the great possibilities of utilization. Bacuri is widely used by the Amazon population and can to be found in supermarkets of several cities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the conservation potential of bacuri packed in PVC and stored under different refrigeration temperatures for a period of 36 days. There was a decrease in total soluble solids, titratable acidity and sugars and increase in pH during storage at all evaluated temperatures, while the chlorophyll content showed great variations over the period of storage.

Características físicas de frutos e amêndoas e características químico-nutricionais de amêndoas de acessos de sapucaia

The objective of this work was to evaluate fruit and almond physical characteristics and almond chemical-nutritional characteristics of sapucaia accesses. Fruits were harvested at the stage of pre-ripening and kept at environment temperature for about a week to complete the ripening. The following physical and chemical-nutritional characteristics were analyzed: fruit mean weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit equatorial diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter/fruit equatorial diameter ratio, cover diameter, almond mean weight, almond length, almond diameter, almond length/diameter ratio, almond number/fruit; fat, brute protein, asher and minerals. The data was submitted to the variance analysis and access means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5%. There were statistical differences among accesses for all the analyzed characteristics, except for fat and brute protein. It was observed a great phenotypic variability in the analyzed germplasm, indicating that this variability may serve as a baseline for future works on genetic improvement.

Efeito da concentração de sacarose na germinação in vitro do pólen de cinco acessos de bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis MART.)

The bacury tree is a native fruit species of great socio-economic importance of North and Mid-North regions of Brazil. However, there is insufficient scientific knowledge on the species, especially on its floral biology, reproductive mechanisms and pollen viability. Knowledge about pollen viability is essential for the genetic breeding, especially for controlled hybridizations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sucrose and of access on the viability of bacury pollen by in vitro germination. Five bacury accessions (BGB 6, BGB 11, BGB 48, BGB 32 and BGB 16) and five sucrose concentrations (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20%) were evaluated in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with eight replications. In the majority of the accessions, pollen germination in vitro reached a maximum (71.1 to 63.0%) sucrose concentrations between 9.4 and 9.7% and from then fell dramatically until a percentage lower than 10% germination at a concentration of 20% sucrose. Showed good germination percentages (between 63.0 and 77.1%) for all accessions, except access BGB 16 did not reach 50%.

Physical characteristics and chemical-nutritional composition of the castanheira-do-gurguéia fruit (Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke)

The castanheira-do-gurgueia is a native fruit tree with great regional importance, whose almond present pleasant flavor and exploration still limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and chemical-nutritional characteristics of 23 castanheira-do-gurgueia genotypes from natural occurrence areas of Piaui State southwestern savannah. A sample of 30 to 50 fruits per genotype was collected. The physical characteristics analyzed were: fruit mass, pericarp mass, fruit length, larger fruit thickness, fruit length/larger fruit thickness ratio, smaller fruit thickness, fruit length/smaller fruit thickness ratio, larger pericarp thickness, smaller pericarp thickness, longitudinal diameter of the pericarp cavity, vertical diameter of the pericarp cavity, almond mass, almond length, larger almond thickness, smaller almond thickness and almond length/larger almond thickness ratio. The following chemical-nutritional characteristics of almonds were analyzed: fat, crude protein, crude fiber, ash total carbohydrates, crude energy and minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and genotypes means were compared by Scott-Knotts test at 5%. There were differences among genotypes for all physical and chemical-nutritional characteristics evaluated, except Ca in the almonds. It was verified the presence of great phenotypic variability in the analyzed germplasm. The genotype G-3 is the most promising in terms of almond mass, almond length and larger almond thickness, and the genotypes G-7, G-10, G-13 and G-23 are the most promising in the chemical-nutritional composition.