Luigi Carmignani

Structural Evolution of the Apuane Alps: An Example of Continental Margin Deformation in the Northern Apennines, Italy

The Apuane Alps region of the Northern Apennines provides exceptionally clear exposures of continental margin rocks deformed during collision of the Corsica-Sardinia microplate with Italy. Detailed structural mapping reveals a large scale crustal shear zone in which major isoclinal folds were rotated as much as 90°, bringing their axes into parallelism with the direction of nappe transport. A large tectonic window through the allochthonous cover sequences exposes, in ascending structural order, the following sequences: (1) the Apuane metamorphic sequences, which have been repeatedly deformed and metamorphosed to greenschist fades. They consist of continental margin, sedimentary rocks of Permian to Oligocene age deposited on Paleozoic continental basement. (2) The Tuscan nappe, which consists of an essentially unmetamorphosed, and only slightly deformed sequence of similar lithologies and ages. The Tuscan nappe has been thrust over the Apuane metamorphic sequences along an evaporite layer. (3) The Liguride sequences, which consist of deep water pelagic sediments and ophiolites. Structures formed during several phases of compressive deformation followed by a late stage of extension. During the first phase (

Strain analysis of a Northern Apennine shear zone using deformed marble breccias

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The internal Northern Apennines, the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and the Sardinia-Corsica Block

), the Tuscan nappe, together with the overlying Liguride sequences, was emplaced over the metamorphic sequences, which were ductiley deformed into tight, recumbent folds with flat axial surfaces. A second phase (

Evolution of geological interpretations in the Alpi Apuane metamorphic complex, and their relevance for the geology of the Northern Apennines

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Structure from motion technique of proximal sensing airborne data for 3D reconstruction of extraction sites

), and third phase (