Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão

Use of carnauba wax and plastic film on postharvest conservation of the yellow passion fruit

A alta perecibilidade do maracuja-amarelo reduz sua vida de prateleira limitando sua comercializacao. Este trabalho teve por objetivo aumentar a conservacao pos-colheita do maracuja-amarelo pelo uso de cera e saco plastico poliolefinico. Os frutos, apos colhidos, selecionados, lavados e desinfestados com hipoclorito a 1%, foram submetidos aos tratamentos: 1-imersao em cera de carnauba (Fruit wax®), diluida na proporcao 1:4 (m/v); 2 embalagem em saco plastico poliolefinico com 0,015 mm; 3 associacao entre a imersao na cera de carnauba e embalagem plastica; 4 testemunha, onde os frutos foram imersos em agua com hipoclorito a 1%. Foram feitas analises da porcentagem de perda de materia fresca, do teor relativo de agua na casca, de solidos soluveis, da acidez titulavel, da relacao solidos soluveis/acidez titulavel da polpa, das porcentagens de casca e polpa, e da relacao casca/polpa. Houve menor porcentagem de perda de materia fresca ao utilizar os tratamentos 2 e 3 ao longo do periodo de armazenamento. Entretanto, nao houve diferenca entre os tratamentos com relacao a materia fresca do fruto, casca e polpa, havendo reducao destas variaveis durante o periodo de armazenamento. Tambem nao houve diferenca com relacao as porcentagens de casca e de polpa, e relacao polpa/casca, sendo que a primeira reduziu, e as duas seguintes aumentaram no armazenamento. Em geral, houve reducao dos solidos soluveis e da acidez.

Genótipos de bananeira em três ciclos na Zona da Mata Mineira

The objective of this work was to evaluate during three cycles the main vegetative characteristics of the genotypes Prata Ana, Grande Naine, Caipira, Nam, Pioneira, FHIA-01, FHIA-18, PV03-44 and SH3640, aiming to incorporate new genotypes to commercial production systems. An experiment was carried out at Zona da Mata Mineira region during three crop cycles, in randomized block design, with nine treatments (genotypes) and three replications (cycles). Height, precocity, number of leaves, resistance to Yellow Sigatoka and plant suckers were evaluated. The variety Grande Naine had the lower height, while Prata Ana, FHIA-01 and SH3640, the larger diameter. The genotypes that presented higher precocity were Pioneira and FHIA-18. The varieties Nam and Caipira presented the highest numbers and precocity of suckers. The genotypes FHIA-01, FHIA-18 and SH3640 were superiors in relation to the characteristics evaluated.

Suscetibilidade à queda natural e caracterização dos frutos de diversos genótipos de bananeiras

Natural fruit dropping of ripe bananas in result of individual separation of fruits from the hand crown, is called finger drop, this characteristic is undesirable and would limit the marketing of new cultivars. Fruits that stand out in the hand have a reduced shelf life, and do not present a pleasant appearance for customers. This study was carried out in order to quantify the susceptibility to natural fruit dropping in fruits from different genomic groups and ploidies, and to identify correlations between natural dropping and various physical fruit characteristics. Diploid, triploid e tetraploid banana plants from several genomic groups were used, altogether 37 genotypes. The physical characteristics were used in a variance analysis and the results compared with the Scott-Knott test. Results proved the high resistance against dropping among genotypes that belong to the genomic group BB (Butuhan, Pirai and BB Franca), Terra (AAB), Poteau Nain (fig type) (ABB) and Thap Maeo (AAB), while Prata-Ana (AAB), Grande Naine (AAA), Ambrosia (AAAA), Ouro (AA) and FHIA 18 (AAAB) presented intermediate values of dropping resistance. Among banana plants with low resistence, the improved hybrids Pioneira (AAAB), YB42-21 (AAAB), Buccaneer (AAAA) and Calypso (AAAA) and the cultivar Ouro da Mata (AAAB) were outstanding. A higher positive correlation between fruit firmness and resistance toward finger drop could be verified. The study of genotype and ploid groups indicated a greater resistance against dropping among banana plants belonging to the BB group and ABB and AAB triploid genotypes.

Assessment of Nitrogenized Nutrition of Citrus Rootstocks Using Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Leaf

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen (N) nutrition in lemon tree rootstocks “Cravo” (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and “Volkameriano” (Citrus volkameriana Ten. e Pasq.) and mandarin tree rootstocks “Cleopatra” (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.) and “Sunki” (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), using the chlorophyll concentration in the rootstock leaves, grown in 3.0 dm3 capacity container in a greenhouse. Nitrogen was added to the lemon tree substrate at 0, 158, 316, 474, and 632 mg/dm3, and 0, 193, 386, 579, and 772 mg/dm3 were added to the mandarin trees. These N quantities were divided into 20 urea applications for the lemon trees and 24 applications for the mandarin trees during the experiment. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement (4 × 5), carried out in a randomized block design, with three replications. The experimental unit consisted of four containers, with one plant per container. The chlorophyll concentration, measured by the Arnon standard method and by the SPAD‐502 portable apparatus, were affected by the N. In general, the rootstocks presented little variation in the chlorophyll concentration measured in the leaves. These values were positively correlated with the growth characteristics and N concentration in the leaves, indicating that N can be monitored using such determinations.

Genetic Diversity of 'Uba ´' Mango Tree Using ISSR Markers

In this study, the genetic diversity of ‘Ubá’ mango trees cultivated at the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was assessed, to identify whether there is variability in the plants grown in the region, justifying the mass selection as a breeding method. We used 102 accessions. Leaves were collected for extraction of genomic DNA, which was amplified with nine ISSR primers. The data obtained by the analysis of electrophoretic patterns were arranged in a binary matrix, considering 0 for the absence and 1 for the presence of bands. Based on these data, we performed the analysis of genetic dissimilarity and carried out the cluster analysis by the methods of Tocher and graphical dispersion. The most similar accessions are 144 and 150, both coming from Ubá, while the most divergent ones are 29 and 97, from Visconde do Rio Branco. The grouping by the Tocher method separated the accessions into six groups, 94.1% of which were allocated in the first group and showed that there is no separation of accessions depending on the sampling sites. The 3D scatter plot reinforces this conclusion. There is genetic variability among the accessions of ‘Ubá’ mango tree evaluated. Therefore, it is possible to make mass selection in open-pollinated populations.

Estimativas de tamanho de parcelas para avaliação de descritores fenotípicos em bananeira

The aim of this work was to estimate the adequate size of experimental plots, for the evaluation of phenotypic descriptors in banana, from a trial of uniformity with the cultivar Tropical, in the spacing of 3x2 m, in a useful area with nine rows of 40 plants. The following variables were evaluated: plant height; pseudostem perimeter; number of emitted suckers and number live leaves, during flowering and at harvest; weight of the bunch and the hands; number of hands and fruits; weight of the second hand; weight, length and diameter of the fruit, in two cycles of production. The plants, considered the basic units, were combined to form various sizes of plots. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance in the hierarchical model. Plot size was estimated by the methods of maximum curvature, modified maximum curvature and comparison of variances. Heterogeneity index of the soil and the detectable difference among treatments mean were determined. The variability increased between cycles with reflexes in the estimates of the plot sizes, which varied with the method used, the variable evaluated and the production cycle. The modified maximum curvature method presents more adjusted estimates. Plots with six basic units (36 m2) are appropriate to evaluate with precision the phenotypic descriptors in the bananas.

WAXES AND PLASTIC FILM IN RELATION TO THE SHELF LIFE OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT

The high perishability of the yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) reduces its postharvest conservation and availability, mainly for in natura consumption. These losses of quality and commercial value occur due to the high respiration and loss of water. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of a modified atmosphere - wax emulsions and plastic film - on the shelf life of the yellow passion fruit. Plastic film (Cryovac D-955, 15 mm thickness) reduced fresh weight loss and fruit wilting, kept higher fruit and rind weight and higher pulp osmotic potential over the storage period. However, it was not efficient in the control of rottenness. Sparcitrus wax (22-23% polyethylene/maleyc resin) caused injury to the fruit, high fruit weight losses and wilting and resulted in lower pulp osmotic potential; this wax lead to a higher concentration of acid and a lower relation of soluble solids/acidity. Among the tested waxes, Fruit Wax (18-21% carnauba wax) was the best, promoting reduced weight loss, wilting and rottenness.

Alocação de fotoassimilados em folhas e frutos de cafeeiro cultivado em duas altitudes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the allocation of carbohydrates in fruits of Arabic coffee plant during the period comprised among the anthesis and maturation in two different altitudes, as well as, the variation in its content in leaves of these productive branches. The experiment was constituted of the coffee plant variety (Coffea arabica L.) Catuai IAC-44 cultivated at 720 and 950 m above the sea level in Martins Soares, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with three repetitions using split- plot in time scheme. The altitude of 720 m contributed to an acceleration in the accumulation of starch, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar in coffee plant fruits. The accumulation of starch in the altitude of 720 m preceded the accumulation in the altitude of 950 m, presenting larger earning percentage in the fruit fast expansion stadium. In this stadium, carbohydrate concentrations in leaves in the 3 rd and 4 th leave pairs of productive branches decreased abruptly indicating that this is the most critic period for the carbohydrate concentrations in leaves. Altitude influenced the extension of the cycle, as well as the assimilate accumulation by fruits and that variation in coffee plant leaves.

Influência do tratamento pós-colheita com cálcio na conservação de jabuticabas

ABSTRACT – The jabuticaba fruits has great acceptance for “in natura” consumption. However, it is highly perishable, with shortpostharvest life. Calcium ions are capable to delay the senescence and to maintain fruit firmness. The objective of this experi ment wasto increase shelf life of jabuticabas, by means of its immersion in solution of CaCl 2 . The fruits were harvested fully ripe, immerged insolution of CaCl 2 40 g.L -1 for 0; 5; 10; 20; 40 and 60 minutes and stored at room temperature and relative humidity for six days. Largertimes of immersion resulted in larger retention of fruit firmness, although without affecting its fresh matter loss. In all imm ersion timesthere were reduction of firmness and increasing of fresh matter loss of the fruits with increasing of storage period. L onger immersiontimes reduced respiration rates. Respiration rate reduced, in all immersion times, until the fourth day after the harvest, followed byincreasing after the sixth day. The acidity increased during storage and reduced when immersion times in CaCl

Método de comparação de modelos de regressão não-lineares em bananeiras

The use of models to describe the growths of plants has a wide application in the agronomy and cattle research. In this type of research, two problems are often present: to find the model that shows more information, which is best fitted to the biologic phenomenon and identifying curves that are statistically equal. Thus, the objective of the present work was to compare the quality adjustments models of non linear regression in the description of growth and to compare the curves from this best model in relation to different treatments. Data from an experiment installed in a factorial arrangement 2x5, in a randomized design of blocks with eight repetitions were used. The levels of treatments were constituted by two banana tree cultivars and five doses of a growth regulator. The cluster analysis was used with three statistics that allowed access to the ideal number of groups. In the comparison of growth models, the superiority of the logistic model was observed. For comparison of treatments, it was verified that the cluster method analysis with the changes proposed allowed to detect three groups of treatments, that are similar to the biologic behavior.