Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva

Antimicrobial edible coating in post-harvest conservation of guava

This study aimed to develop an antimicrobial edible coating and to evaluate its efficiency in preserving guava. Guava samples were submitted to five treatments: without coating, coating of cassava starch, coating of cassava starch added with acetic acid, coating of cassava starch added with 1.0% and 1.5% chitosan. The following characteristics were analyzed: color of pulp and peel, texture, mass loss, total soluble solids, filamentous fungi and yeast counting. Peel green color of the fruits treated with antimicrobial coatings was preserved and the pulp color of all treatments changed from pink to intense red during the storage. Fruits treated with antimicrobial coatings presented lower mass loss, when compared with the control fruits. There was a decrease in the total soluble solid values of the control group during storage, whereas in the other treatments, the sugar content was preserved until the 8th day. Fruits treated with 1.0% and 1.5% of chitosan showed the lower filamentous fungi and yeast counting when compared with the control. The use of antimicrobial edible coatings contributes to the preservation of guava, reducing microbial growth and increasing its post-harvest life.

Desenvolvimento dos frutos de lulo (Solanum quitoense LAM), em Viçosa-MG

The lulo is a tropical and exotic fruit, originating in the Andes is orange when ripe, and is a globose berry, resembling a tomato, the epicarp is thick and leathery, its pulp is light green, sticky, sour and juicy, containing many seeds. The objective of this study was to monitor the physical, chemical and physiological characteristic changes occurring during lulo fruit development, from anthesis to the full plant maturation. The fruits were harvested in the orchard of the Federal University of Vicosa and the analysis performed in the Laboratory of Fruits Analysis, from the Plant Science Department. The reproductive cycle of lulo lasted 95 days. Fruits development was divided into three phases. The first phase was up to 7.39 days after anthesis (DAA), being characterized by high respiratory rates, probably due to the intense cell multiplication and the pericarp showed light green color. The second phase occurred from 7.39 DAA to 57,63 DAA, being characterized by maximum rates of increase in dimensions of the fresh and dry fruit, the pericarp developed an intense green color and respiratory rates increased until 45 DAA and remained stable until 52 DAA. The third and final development phase occurred from 57.63 DAA to 95.00 DAA, the last day of evaluations. This phase was characterized by dimensions stabilization and accumulation of fresh mass. In this period, the climacteric rise (from 52 to 59 DAA) occurred. The respiratory climacteric occurred at 66 DAA, with peak production of CO2 of 110,99 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1. The post-climacteric was between 73 and 95 DAA, when soluble solids increased and acidity and vitamin C from the pulp decreased. At this stage, the pericarp of the fruits showed orange coloration.

Curva de crescimento e padrão respiratório de frutos de genótipos de pessegueiro em região de clima subtropical

O trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a duracao do ciclo e caracterizar as fases da curva e o padrao respiratorio dos frutos de genotipos de pessego cultivado em regiao de clima subtropical. O experimento foi conduzido no Pomar experimental da Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), em Araponga-MG. Foram selecionados dez genotipos provenientes do programa de melhoramento genetico da UFV onde, quinzenalmente, foram colhidos 50 frutos, desde a antese ate o completo amadurecimento. As amostragens ocorreram de junho a novembro de 2011 e foram avaliados diâmetros (polar, equatorial e sutural), massa de materia fresca e seca (fruto, casca, polpa e caroco) e a producao de CO2. O padrao de crescimento foi sigmoidal duplo, sendo o intervalo entre a antese e a colheita de 135 dias para os genotipos 803-10; 803-33; 803-55;1.603-51 e 5.503-25, o que permitiu classifica-los como de ciclo medio e de 180 dias para os genotipos 2.903-1; 5.003-46; 8.503-6; 9.103-1 e 9.903-2, o que os caracterizou como de ciclo longo. O crescimento dos frutos avaliados apresentou tres estagios de crescimento: estagio I, com crescimento exponencial; estagio II, com pouco crescimento, e estagio III, novamente com crescimento exponencial, culminando com a maturacao do fruto. A producao de CO2 diminuiu ao longo do tempo com presenca de picos em determinadas epocas. No final do ciclo, foram observados os picos climatericos. O final do climaterio marcou o comeco da senescencia do fruto, o que coincidiu com seu completo amadurecimento na planta.

Caracterização físico-química de frutos de maracujazeiro amarelo provenientes da irradiação com raios gama

The induction of mutations has been used in breeding programs of some economically important crops as a tool to complement conventional breeding techniques. In previous studies, it was found that by inducing mutations with gamma rays it was possible to obtain yellow passion fruit plants resistant to fusarium wilt, a major disease of the culture. However, studies on agronomic traits related to fruit quality are necessary to evaluating these resistant genotypes. In this study the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of Passiflora edulis Sims plants obtained from gamma irradiation were analyzed. The values found were similar to those in the literature related to the physico-chemical characterization of fruits of yellow passion fruit. However, a program breeding for the reducing of the skin thickness of the fruits will be necessary.

Correlação entre características quantitativas e qualitativas de frutos de pessegueiros na geração F2 cultivados em região subtropical

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as relacoes entre caracteristicas quantitativas e qualitativas de frutos de pessegueiro, cultivados em regiao subtropical. Para isso foram utilizados frutos totalmente maduros, obtidos de cinco populacoes, em geracao F2, cultivadas em condicoes de clima subtropical. Foram avaliados: coloracao da epiderme (coordenadas b* e h°), diâmetro medio do fruto, comprimento do fruto, firmeza instrumental da polpa, teor de solidos soluveis, acidez titulavel, teor de acido ascorbico, percentagem de vermelho na epiderme, coloracao da polpa, aderencia do caroco, consistencia manual da polpa e epoca de colheita. Os dados foram utilizados para obtencao de coeficientes parciais de correlacao entre todas as variaveis. Observou-se variacao entre os valores obtidos para cada caracteristica. Ha correlacoes parciais significativas a 1% de probabilidade, de intensidades medias e fracas, entre as caracteristicas estudadas de frutos de pessegueiro. As maiores correlacoes foram obtidas entre comprimento e diâmetro de frutos (0,690**) e entre os descritores b e h, obtidos por meio de colorimetro (0,516**). Frutos mais tardios apresentam, geralmente, maior firmeza de polpa, menores teores de vitamina C e menos pigmentacao amarela na epiderme. Pessegos de polpa amarela sao mais firmes e apresentam maior acidez no suco.

Relações entre características físicas e químicas de frutos de maracujazeiro-doce cultivado em Viçosa-MG

The relationships between the physical and chemical components of sweet passion fruits produced in Vicosa, MG, were evaluated. One hundred fruits were harvested in the final stage of ripening, when the pericarp showed strong straw-yellow color. The fruits were analyzed for their physical and chemical characteristics and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation. There was great variation among the values of each feature, especially for fresh weight and volume of the fruit and the fresh weight of the pericarp, which showed average values of 194.53 ± 42.19 g, 253.85 ± 49.73 cm3 and 143.30 ± 40.50 g, respectively. The number of seeds ranged from 110 to 379 per fruit, and there were significant correlations among most traits. The diameter was positively correlated with the fresh weight of the pulp and negatively with the percentage of pulp, indicating that large fruits have proportionally less pulp than smaller ones. The dry weight of the seeds was positively correlated with the fresh weight of the pulp (0.6248 **) and the percentage of pulp (0.4375 **). Similarly, the number of seeds was positively correlated with fresh weight of the pulp (0.5119 **) and the percentage of pulp (0.3957 **), indicating that fruits with more seeds have a higher pulp yield. However, there was a negative correlation between seed number and total soluble solids (-0.2161 *), suggesting the dilution of the juice due to the greater number of seeds and the increase in the proportion of pulp. There was also a negative correlation between the thickness and the fresh weight of the pericarp and pulp percentage, indicating that the thicker shell decreases the diameter of the inner cavity of the fruit, which accumulates the edible pulp.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA E QUÍMICA DE FRUTOS DE MARACUJAZEIRO-AMARELO ENXERTADO EM ESPÉCIES SILVESTRES DO GÊNERO PASSIFLORA CULTIVADO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

The market for fresh fruits passion fruit enhances internal and external fruit quality. The use of wild species as rootstocks has been advocated as a possible measure of disease control. Information are scarce on the effect of wild species of the genus Passiflora as rootstocks on physical and chemical characteristics in passion fruits. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of two species of wild passifloraceae, P. mucronata Lam and P. gibertii NE Brow as rootstocks on physical and chemical characteristics of yellow passion fruit in greenhouse. We adopted a completely randomized design with four replications and 25 treatments, consisting of 100 plots. Each plot was represented by a plant conducted in a pot of 30 L. The rootstocks were: Passiflora edulis Sims, Passiflora gibertii NE Brown and Passiflora mucronata Lam. As the control treatment, plants of P. edulis Sims originated from seeds were used. Evaluations of fresh fruit mass (FM), peel fresh weight (PeW), pulp fresh weight (PuW), fruit diameter (FD), longitudinal length of the fruit(LLF), thickness of the fruit skin (TFS), the color of the juice and the fruit peel, soluble solids (SS),titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/TA, ratio PuW/PeW, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content. Plants grafted on wild species produced more elongated fruit plants originated from seeds, but within the commercialization standards.

Desenvolvimento do maracujá doce em Viçosa, Minas Gerais

The physical, chemical and physiological changes during the development of sweet passion fruit, from anthesis to ripening in the plant, were evaluated. Fruits had a slightly oblong shape, a simple sigmoidal pattern of development and climacteric pattern for respiration. Fruit development was divided into three phases: cell division up to 4.70 days after anthesis (daa); cell expansion from 4.70 daa to 28.94 daa and maturation from 28.94 to 91 daa. In the cell division phase, there is little increase in fruit size, high respiratory rates, rapid growth of the pericarp thickness, and pericarp of clear green color. In the cell expansion phase, there is intense development of the fruits dimensions, accelerated fresh weight gain and pericarp of intense green color . In the maturation phase, there is a tendency to stabilize dimensions, rapid development of pulp, the soluble solids content increase and vitamin C and titratable acidity decrease. The climacteric peak was recorded at 63 daa. On the last day of evaluation, at 91 daa, the pulp (juice + seeds) accounted for 24.46% of total fresh weight of the fruit, the pericarp accounted for 74.10% and isolated seeds for 3.14%.

Caracterização de acessos de mangueira Ubá na Zona da Mata Mineira

Objetivou-se realizar a caracterizacao fisica e quimica de acessos de manga Uba na regiao da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, visando a identificar materiais de interesse industrial. Frutos fisiologicamente maduros foram colhidos e transportados para o Laboratorio de Analise de Frutas da UFV, onde foram lavados, tratados com fungicida Prochloraz (Sportak 450 CE, Hoeschst Schering AgrEvo UK Ltd., Inglaterra), na dose de 49,5g100L-1 de agua, por 10 minutos e secos ao ar. Em seguida, foram tratados com Ethephon, acido 2-cloroetil fosfonico, (Ethrel 240g de ethephon.L-1, RHone-Poulenc Agro Brasil LTDA) na concentracao de 1g i.a.L-1 juntamente com espalhante adesivo Adesil (760g i L-1, Nufarm Industria Quimica e Farmaceutica S.A.) na concentracao de 20mL 100L-1 durante 5 minutos e secos ao ar. Em seguida, foram armazenados a 20±1°C e umidade relativa de 90% e avaliados apos o completo amadurecimento. Os frutos que apresentaram melhores caracteristicas para o processamento industrial foram os provenientes dos acessos 7, 11, 16, 17, 21, 26, 28, 47, 48, 53, 54 e 56. A massa de fruto, firmeza, teor de solidos soluveis e teor de acido ascorbico sao as caracteristicas que apresentaram maior variabilidade dos acessos de mangueira Uba. A variabilidade genetica existente nas mangueiras Uba, em Visconde do Rio Branco propicia disponibilizar materiais para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento genetico e implantacao de banco de germoplasma.

Effect of two wild rootstocks of genus Passiflora L. on the content of antioxidants and fruit quality of yellow passion fruit

The nutritional importance of the fruit of passionfruit has prompted studies to assess its composition and antioxidant content and to evaluate it as a functional food in fresh fruit and concentrated juice markets. Currently, the use of wild species as rootstock has been recommended mainly for their positive effects such as tolerance to disease attack and maintenance of fruit quality of grafted cultivars. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of wild species of Passiflora gibertii N.E. Br. and Passiflora mucronata Lam as rootstock on the content of antioxidants and fruit quality of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and 25 replications, with a total of 100 experimental units. As a control treatment, plants of P. edulis from seed and grafted on the same species were used. Significant correlations were observed among the contents of β-carotene, ascorbic acid, luminosity values, chroma and hue angle. For the combination P. edulis/P. gibertti, the contents of β-carotene and ascorbic acid were highly correlated with luminosity, chroma and hue angle of fruit juice. A similar behavior was observed for the combination P. edulis/P. mucronata Lam. The content of β-carotene in the fruit showed no statistical differences (p < 0.05), indicating no significant rootstock effect on the variables evaluated. The results indicate a potential wild rootstock use for its positive effects on grafted plants while maintaining the commercial quality of the fruits of passionfruit crops.