Luiz Cláudio Reeberg Stanganelli

Fatores de risco cardiovasculares em adolescentes: indicadores biológicos e comportamentais

OBJECTIVE To provide descriptive information and investigate to what extent behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are associated with biological risk factors in the young population. METHODS The sample included 452 adolescents (246 girls and 206 boys) between 15 and 18 years of age selected in a high school in the city of Londrina, Paraná. Risk factors of a behavioral nature were analyzed as regards insufficient physical activity, excessive intake of fat and cholesterol and smoking. As biological risk factor indicators we used overweight, high arterial pressure levels, and adverse concentration of serum lipids and lipoproteins. RESULTS Approximately 20% of the girls and 16% of the boys presented at least one biological risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Overweight was significantly associated with excessive intake of fats, while elevated arterial pressure was related to sedentary lifestyle and smoking. Excessive intake of fat and cholesterol indicated increased risk of undesirable concentrations of serum lipids and lipoproteins. The risk associated with altered blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoprotein was increased two-fold in smokers when compared with nonsmokers. CONCLUSION The results reinforce the need for interventions targeted at the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including the regular practice of physical exercise, appropriate dietary patterns, and abstention from smoking as of an early age.

Adaptations on jump capacity in brazilian volleyball players prior to the Under-19 World Championship

The under-19 Brazilian volleyball national team has achieved great performances at international competitions. Because the vertical jump capacity is critical for success in volleyball, the purpose of this study was to identify the training-induced adaptations on jump capacity assessed by general and specific tests during 3 different moments (i.e., T1, T2, and T3) of a macrocycle of preparation for the world championship. The sample was composed of 11 athletes from the Brazilian national team-World Champion (age, 18.0 ± 0.5 years; height: 198.7 ± 5.4 cm; and body mass, 87.3 ± 5.9 kg). They were evaluated for jumping capacity by the following tests: squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and jump anaerobic resistance (15 seconds) (JAR) and standing reach, height, and vertical jump tests for attack and block. Descriptive statistics were computed, and a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used. The Tukey-Kramer post hoc test was used when appropriate. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the training-induced adaptations on the SJ (3.9%) and CMJ (2.3%) were not statistically significant. The JAR showed statistical significance between T2 and T3 (9.6%), while the attack height and block height presented significant differences between T1 and T2 (2.5% and 3.3%, respectively) and T1 and T3 (3.0% and 3.5%, respectively). The volume of training was quantified between weeks 1 and 9 (10,750 minutes, 1,194 ± 322 min·wk−1) and between weeks 10 and 18 (8,722 minutes, 969 ± 329 min·wk−1). In conclusion, this study showed that there were progressive and significant training-induced adaptations, mainly on the tests that simulated the specific skills, such as spike and block, with the best results being reached after the first 9 weeks of training. This probably reflected not only the individuals capacity to adapt, but also the characteristics of the training loads prescribed during the entire macrocycle.

Demanda fisiológica no futsal competitivo. Características físicas e fisiológicas de atletas profissionais

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisar, na literatura, informacoes relevantes a respeito: a) da demanda fisiologica no futsal competitivo; e b) das caracteristicas fisicas de atletas profissionais do futsal. Os trabalhos utilizados foram selecionados em quatro bases de dados (Medline, Lilacs, DOAJ e Scielo), que perfaziam o total de 26 publicacoes. Os termos utilizados para a pesquisa foram futsal, indoor soccer, futsal physiology. Foram selecionados apenas artigos que apresentaram atletas profissionais do sexo masculino e que fossem relevantes ao tema deste artigo. Os principais achados foram: a) a intensidade do jogo e elevada durante toda a partida; porem parece diminuir no 2o tempo de jogo; b) os atletas profissionais de futsal apresentam caracteristicas antropometricas semelhantes; c) as acoes decisivas do jogo ocorrem em atividades de alta intensidade; d) a potencia aerobia e importante para diferenciar o desempenho de atletas profissionais.

Tracking of body adiposity indicators from childhood to adolescence: Mediation by BMI

Our aim was to verify the tracking of body adiposity indicators from childhood to adolescence and analyze the mediation effects of BMI on the stability of body adiposity. Our sample was composed by 375 children (197 boys). The children were followed-up over 3 years. Body mass and stature were measured as anthropometric indicators. Body adiposity was estimated through the subcutaneous skinfold method, with measures of triceps (TRSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSSF). Skinfolds were analyzed singly and agglutinated through the sum of skinfolds (∑SF). The sample was categorized into tertiles, and thereafter, the kappa coefficient and McNemar test were adopted to verify stability. For continuous measures, the Intra-Class Correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Moreover, mediation analyzes were used according to Baron and Kenny with the Sobel test to verify mediation effects. The significance level adopted was 5%. Adiposity indicators increased during the 3 years of follow-up in both sexes (p<0.05). ICCs in all indicators of adiposity were between 0.84 and 0.94 for boys and 0.86 and 0.94 for girls, indicating high tracking. Moreover, 70% of subjects remained in the highest tertile of body adiposity. However, no differences were observed in tertile changes (p>0.05). BMI at the age of adiposity rebound partially mediated all indicators of adiposity from childhood (baseline) to adolescence (3 years later) in both sexes (p<0.001). Thus, moderate to high tracking of body adiposity indicators between childhood and adolescence was verified. Moreover, BMI at the age of adiposity rebound partially mediated the relationship between adiposity in childhood (baseline) and in adolescence (3 years of follow-up).

Venous versus capillary sampling for total creatine kinase assay: Effects of a simulated football match

Background Capillary rather than venipuncture may be a simpler and less invasive blood collection protocol that would increase the number of potential sampling tests. However, if capillary sampling can be used as an alternative to venipuncture to determine changes in plasma, total creatine kinase (CK) activity in response to a football training session is poorly known. Objective This study aims to determine whether capillary blood sampling would provide representative measures of total CK activity compared to venipuncture in response to a football training session-induced elevated CK plasma levels. Methods Twenty-two players from an under-19 football team performed a simulated football match with 11 players on each team for 90 minutes total duration (two halves of 45 minutes with 15 minutes rest between). Venous and ear lobe capillary blood samples were collected before and after (24h and 48h) the training session. Athletes retested for three consecutive days after exercise during the recovery week. Results The simulated match significantly increased (P< 0.05) total CK activity as determined in both venous (1.7-fold) and capillary (1.9-fold) blood sampling. Total CK activity determined using capillary samples demonstrated significant correlation (r = 0.85; P < 0.01) and an elevated concordance Lin index (pc = 0.80) when compared to venous sampling total CK. The Bland–Altman plot showed capillary sampling CK overestimated venous CK levels by 130 U/L (61%), with moderated variance and low bias. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that capillary sampling for total CK activity assay may be considered a reliable alternative to venipuncture to determine changes in plasma total CK activity in response to a football training session.

Efeito da idade relativa nas categorias do futebol brasileiro: critérios de seleção ou uma tendência populacional?

The purpose of this study was to compare the birth dates of soccer players and the Brazilian population as well as assess possible differences among categories. 868 players participated in this study, distributed according to the U‐15, U‐17, U‐20 and professional categories. The birth dates were classified by quartiles. The chi‐square test was used for the analyses, considering P < 0.05. Significant difference was identified among quartiles of births with a tendency to births in the first half, similar to the distribution of the Brazilian population. No differences were significant among categories. It was concluded that there is a tendency for births in the beginning of the year, discouraging potential talent ones who were born at the end of the competitive year.

Artigo originalEfeito da idade relativa nas categorias do futebol brasileiro: critérios de seleção ou uma tendência populacional?The relative age effect on the categories of Brazilian soccer: selection criteria or a population trend?Efecto de la edad relativa en futbolistas de la cantera en el fútbol brasileño: ¿criterios de selección o tendencia de la población?

The purpose of this study was to compare the birth dates of soccer players and the Brazilian population as well as assess possible differences among categories. 868 players participated in this study, distributed according to the U‐15, U‐17, U‐20 and professional categories. The birth dates were classified by quartiles. The chi‐square test was used for the analyses, considering P < 0.05. Significant difference was identified among quartiles of births with a tendency to births in the first half, similar to the distribution of the Brazilian population. No differences were significant among categories. It was concluded that there is a tendency for births in the beginning of the year, discouraging potential talent ones who were born at the end of the competitive year.