Luiz Fernando Dias Duarte

Religião e psicanálise no Brasil contemporâneo: novas e velhas Weltanschauungen

RESUMO: A presenca da psicanalise, como saber e instituicao, modificou-se bastante no Brasil, desde o final dos anos 1970, quando sua presenca einfluencia visiveis na sociedade e na cultura nacionais tinham atingido o seuauge. Diversas analises recentes apontam para uma descentralizacao, diversi-ficacao e complexificacao da oferta psicoterapeutica; ao mesmo tempo emque se reconhece um intenso recrudescimento da oferta de recursos religio-sos ou para-religiosos. Inicialmente, esse reconhecimento se concentrou nasalternativas associaveis ao estilo Nova Era, caracteristicas das camadas mediasmetropolitanas, que podem ser – frequentemente – consideradas como varia-coes de uma cultura psicologizada. O crescimento da adesao as seitas pente-costais, principal caracteristica dos desenvolvimentos religiosos nas camadaspopulares, parecia seguir uma outra logica, tambem fartamente estudada.Mais recentemente, surgiram mediacoes entre as religioes evangelicas e pen-tecostais e a psicanalise que provocaram grande surpresa e inquietacao nosmeios intelectuais. O dialogo entre a pesquisa de Carvalho sobre esse ultimoprocesso e a pesquisa de Duarte sobre a dinâmica das cosmologias (

Pessoa e dor no Ocidente (o “holismo metodológico” na Antropologia da Saúde e Doença)

This paper approaches key issues in the scope of an Anthropology of the so-called phenomena of “disease” and “health” which seeks to deconstruct the common perception where the experiences of suffering, of illness and their therapeutics resources seem “natural”. One stream of this Medical Anthropology, however, has taken the body to be pre-eminent, not only as a natural determining organism, but as an entity that serves as the active locus for the experience of the self. This line of study is seen as limited and biased because it is embedded in a specific notion of Personhood (as a singularized, interiorized subject, dependent upon a naturalized body of which the knowledge depends on specialized scientific knowledge). This notion of Personhood has its roots in an ideology of the individualism that is central to the modem western culture. The quest here points out the need for a “radical relativism” and for a radically symbolic heuristic strangeness toward any human experience, in order to grasp its inseparability from its structuring categories within each cultural system. In order for a social science to be a science of the social it needs a “relative relativization” of the ideological system that supports its own project as a science and it should try to get closer to the way man fulfills himself in the world.

Exchange of useful plants between Brazil and England in the second half of the nineteenth century: Glaziou and the botanists of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

SummaryDuring the XIXth century, the transfer of plants for various purposes became increasingly widespread and spanned the globe. The present study aims to inventory the potentially useful species which formed part of the two-way exchange between Brazil and England, based on the information found in the letters written by Auguste François Marie Glaziou, General Director of Forests and Gardens of the Imperial House in Rio de Janeiro and landscape artist to the Emperor, to botanists from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. A total of 60 manuscripts housed in the archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew were analysed. Sixty three species from 32 botanical families were quoted as useful within the documentation. Plants were grouped into five use categories, according to the uses listed by Glaziou. The high number of taxa in the ornamental category reveals the great interest in ornamental plants on the part of both Glaziou and the Kew botanists.

Aonde caminha a moralidade

Entre as muitas inquietacoes que assombram as ciencias sociais contemporâneas avulta certamente a da compreensao das dimensoes mais proximas da vivencia pessoal, dessas a que chamamos “privadas”, e que nos interpelam na conducao de nossas proprias vidas (e a de nossas familias e redes proximas) – alem de avancarem cada vez mais explicitamente na esfera publica, de forma atraente ou repulsiva.

DISTANCIAMENTO, REFLEXIVIDADE E INTERIORIZAÇÃO DA PESSOA NO OCIDENTE

refina e ilumina aspectos relevantes da historiado sujeito na ordem politica da cultura ocidental moderna, de modo maisfluente e ameno que as obras anteriores, verdadeiros manifestos episte-mologicos sustentados por uma arquitetura analitica de impecavel rigor. Esta nova obra reforca, sem duvida, a impressao de novidade e ri-queza que o esquema das “economias da grandeza politica” veio aportara sociologia contemporânea. A aplicacao de uma rigorosa logica empiris-ta/nominalista aos problemas classicos do vinculo sociopolitico, sem cairnas banalidades mais habituais do “individualismo metodologico”, per-mite a Boltanski e seus companheiros de empreitada vigorosos recursosde analise de algumas areas da vida social, sobretudo as que qualificamas sociedades modernas como “criticas” ou “reflexivas” (para usar dosseus termos). Numerosos e importantes trabalhos surgiram assim a sombra doGSPM, dedicados a analise das formas de “protesto”, “denuncia” e “jus-tificacao” (“provas”, “acordos”, “traducoes”, “transportes” etc.) nas mais va-riadas areas da experiencia social das sociedades metropolitanas (justa-mente aquelas onde prevalecem as equivalencias politicas propicias ageneralizacao de um universo “critico”)

Epigênese e epigenética: as muitas vidas do vitalismo ocidental

A analise da historia e dos usos contemporâneos dos termos epigenese, atribuido a Aristoteles, e epigenetica, criado no seculo XX pelo biologo C. H. Waddington, revela as tensoes entre as perspectivas vitalistas e mecanicistas – ou epigenistas e pre-formacionistas – que tem se contraposto regularmente no seio das ciencias da vida na cultura ocidental desde o seculo XVII. O campo demarcado pelo ultimo termo abriga intensas discussoes sobre os limites do neodarwinismo, abrindo espaco para a influencia do meio na transmissao transgeracional. Essas tensoes e polemicas encontram fundo eco nas ciencias humanas, por postularem diferentes pesos e implicacoes da heranca “natural” para a vida mental, social ou cultural no desenvolvimento e efetivacao da humanidade.

O nervosismo como categoria nosográfica no começo do século XX

The paper presents the conceptual framework surrounding the category of nervousness in Brazilian psychiatry in the early twentieth century as represented in an article by Henrique Roxo published in Arquivos Brasileiros de Psiquiatria, Neurologia e Medicina Legal in 1916, and contextualizes it in the history of psychiatric classifications and representations about nerves and the nervous system. As such, it intends to contribute towards mapping out physicalistic naturalism (or epiphenomenalism), which can be seen throughout the representations of the human person and their disturbances in modern western culture.

Damascus in Dahlem art and nature in burle Marx' tropical landscape design

One of the main features of Burle Marx’s biography is the idea that he discovered the aesthetic qualities of tropical flora that came to characterize his famous new approach to landscape design during a juvenile visit to Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Gardens, in the 1920s. Having been born [1909] in Sao Paulo, he is supposed not to have had previous contact with tropical spontaneous richness, thanks to the Europeanized taste that prevailed there. As any young member of the local elites with a disposition towards an artistic career, his family trip to Europe was an essential condition for close contact with the avant-garde tendencies of early 20th century. Ever since the 19th century, that pattern of contact of Brazilian prospective artists with ‘civilization’ had entailed the emergence of different trends of ‘nativist’ renderings of metropolitan taste. In such a context, the peculiar aspect of RBM’s European debut was the ‘discovery’ of tropical nature and not only that of the formal, ‘universal’ language of high culture. The discussion of what is involved in this game of mirrors is the aim of this paper.