Luiz Ronaldo Alberti

Efeitos de operações sobre o baço no lipidograma de ratas

BACKGROUND: Although the occurrence of spleen alterations in the various forms of dyslipidemia, such as Gauchers disease, has been well established, the relation between the spleen and lipid metabolism has not been properly studied. In order to contribute to the filling of this gap, in the present investigation we assessed experimentally the lipidogram of rats in the presence of the spleen, in asplenia, and after conservative spleen surgeries. METHODS: Forty female Wistar rats of similar weight and age were divided into 4 groups submitted to the following procedures: Group 1- control, with an intact spleen; Group 2 - total splenectomy; Group 3 - subtotal splenectomy, and Group 4 - total splenectomy complemented with autogenous spleen tissue implants. Four months after the interventions, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (VLDL, LDL, HDL) were determined. The results for the four groups were compared by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer test, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups 1, 3 and 4. In the animals submitted to total splenectomy, total cholesterol (p = 0.0093) and LDL fraction concentrations (p < 0.0001) were higher, whereas HDL fraction concentrations were lower (p = 0.05) than those detected in the other groups. There was no difference in triglycerides (p = 0.1882) or VLDL (p = 0.2030) between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The spleen probably plays an important role in the lipid metabolism of female rats and total splenectomy may be related to changes in cholesterol control. It is possible that preservation of spleen tissue prevents such metabolic disorders.

Morbidade neonatal e maternas relacionada ao tipo de parto

An evaluation of infant morbimortality and mother morbidity was undertaken according to the type of delivery. A prospective study was undertaken on 170 puerperal patients divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 95), natural or vaginal delivery, Group 2 (n = 75), submitted to caesarean delivery. Complications in mothers were classified in small, moderate and severe. The infant parameters were: period of pregnancy, weight on birth, Apgar score, necessity of intensive care and neurological disorders. Mothers who had not completed elementary school (p=0.0045) had more vaginal delivery. Previous vaginal deliveries were more common in Group 1 than caesarean section in Group 2 (p = < 0.001) (OR = 104.00; 21.11 < OR < 610.99). In Group 1, vaginal delivery was preferred by 78 (82,1%) of mothers comparing to 28 (37.3%) from Group 2, who preferred caesarean section (p = 0.0002) (OR = 4; 1.77 < OR < 9.17). Post-operative was more intense and frequent after caesarean section (8 cases) than patients of Group 1 (2 cases) (p = 0.018) (OR = 0.18; 0.03 < OR < 0.96). Obstetric trauma was found in 14 deliveries of Group 1 and 7 of Group 2 (p = 0.28). Infant hospitalization was greater in Group 2 (3.43 +/- 0.70 days) in comparison with Group 1 (2.71 +/- 0.67 days) (p < 0.0001). The infant morbidity was greater after vaginal deliveries, but maternal morbidity was greater after caesarean deliveries.An evaluation of infant morbimortality and mother morbidity was undertaken according to the type of delivery. A prospective study was undertaken on 170 puerperal patients divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 95), natural or vaginal delivery, Group 2 (n = 75), submitted to caesarean delivery. Complications in mothers were classified in small, moderate and severe. The infant parameters were: period of pregnancy, weight on birth, Apgar score, necessity of intensive care and neurological disorders. Mothers who had not completed elementary school (p=0.0045) had more vaginal delivery. Previous vaginal deliveries were more common in Group 1 than caesarean section in Group 2 (p = < 0.001) (OR = 104.00; 21.11 < OR < 610.99). In Group 1, vaginal delivery was preferred by 78 (82,1%) of mothers comparing to 28 (37.3%) from Group 2, who preferred caesarean section (p = 0.0002) (OR = 4; 1.77 < OR < 9.17). Post-operative was more intense and frequent after caesarean section (8 cases) than patients of Group 1 (2 cases) (p = 0.018) (OR = 0.18; 0.03 < OR < 0.96). Obstetric trauma was found in 14 deliveries of Group 1 and 7 of Group 2 (p = 0.28). Infant hospitalization was greater in Group 2 (3.43 +/- 0.70 days) in comparison with Group 1 (2.71 +/- 0.67 days) (p < 0.0001). The infant morbidity was greater after vaginal deliveries, but maternal morbidity was greater after caesarean deliveries.

Effectiveness of unsedated transnasal endoscopy with white-light, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, and lugol staining for esophageal cancer screening in high-risk patients.

Background and Aims: Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) has been proposed to screen for esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) in Asia. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and tolerance of Brazilian patients to undergo unsedated TNE for screening, the prevalence of ESCC in this population, and the effectiveness of white-light endoscopy (WLE) and digital chromoendoscopy [flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE)] to diagnose esophageal neoplasia. Patients and Methods: This was a diagnostic test study that enrolled patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) referred to ESCC screening. Patients’ tolerance was rated by a numeric pain intensity scale. Interventions included unsedated TNE with WLE and FICE examination of the esophagus, in a tandem manner with blinded operators, followed by lugol chromoscopy. Performance of WLE and FICE for neoplasia detection was compared with the reference standard (lugol chromoscopy plus histology). Results: A total of 106 patients were recruited. TNE was feasible in 99.1%, and 92% of the patients rated the discomfort as absent or minimal. Thirteen ESCC were detected (12.3%), with 10 early cancers (77%). The tests showed an excellent performance and there was no difference between WLE (sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 98.9%, accuracy 98.1%, area under curve 0.995) and FICE (sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.9%, accuracy 99%, area under curve 0.956) for esophageal neoplasia detection. Conclusions: Unsedated TNE is a feasible, well accepted, and efficient diagnostic tool for the screening of ESCC. The elevated rate of esophageal neoplasia strengthens the recommendations to screen patients with HNSCC. The yields of WLE and FICE were similar for ESCC detection.

Plasma lipid alterations after total splenectomy, subtotal splenectomy and splenic auto‐implants in rats

Background and Aim:  The relation between the spleen and lipid metabolism has not been properly studied. In order to contribute to the filling of this gap, in the present investigation we experimentally assessed the lipidogram of rats in the presence of the spleen, in asplenia, and after conservative spleen surgeries.

Implante Autólogo Ovariano no Omento Maior: Estudo Experimental

Purpose: in order to maintain the gonadal function after oophorectomy, morphofunctional aspects of ovarian autotransplantation to the greater omentum and the best kind of implantation, intact or sliced, were investigated. Methods: forty cycling female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (n = 5), control - laparotomy; Group II (n = 5), bilateral oophorectomy; Group III (n = 10), intact ovarian autotransplantation to the greater omentum; and Group IV (n = 10), sliced ovarian autotransplantation, both to the greater omentum. The estrous cycle was investigated in the third and sixth postoperative months and histological studies of the ovarian implants were carried out considering: degeneration, fibrosis, inflammatory reaction, angiogenesis, follicular cysts, follicular development and corpora lutea. Results: the animals of Group I preserved the cycling sequence. The rats of Group II remained in diestrus. In Group III, 11 rats remained in diestrus, three presented incomplete cycles and one showed normal cycle. In Group IV, three animals remained in diestrus, eight showed incomplete cycles and four showed normal cycles. The histology of the ovaries of Group III was normal in ten female rats; however, the ovaries of the other five animals presented degeneration. In Group IV, 14 female rats had ovaries with preserved morphological aspect, and signs of degeneration occurred in one. Conclusions: the ovarian autotransplantation to the greater omentum is viable and the sliced form presented better morphofunctional aspects than the intact implants.

Estudo do padrão arterial de 200 pedículos renais por meio de angiotomografias

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and distribution of renal arteries and their branches in vivo, correlating the particularities found in them with sex and laterality. METHODS Two hundred renal pedicles were studied by CT angiography and its arteries analyzed according to number, position of origin, size, length and trajectory in relation to renal segments. Its frequency and laterality were surveyed regarding gender and age. RESULTS There were multiple arteries in 61.5% of the pedicles (56% in the right and 67% in the left), occurring in 65% of men and 58% of women. The aortic origin to the multiple arteries was more frequent on the right and, more often, the renal arteries originated between vertebrae L1 and L2 as pre-hilar division of the main artery. The average length of the main artery was higher in right kidneys with a single artery. There was no difference between the diameters of the main renal arteries. CONCLUSION There is a higher prevalence of multiple renal arteries than the one described in the literature, with no difference for gender or laterality. The renal arteries originated more frequently between vertebrae L1 and L2, with divisions of the pre-hilar route and main artery to the hilum of the kidney. The average length of the main artery is greater on the right and in kidneys with single artery. There was no difference in diameter between the main renal artery between kidneys with single and multiple arteries.

Hiperesplenismo em hipertensão porta por esquistossomose mansônica

INTRODUCAO: Durante anos, as alteracoes hematologicas que ocorrem na esquistossomose mansonica hepatoesplenica vem sendo definidas como hiperesplenismo. Inicialmente, acreditava-se que apenas a remocao do baco normalizava os valores hematologicos, entretanto, em cirurgias para o tratamento da hipertensao porta nas quais o baco era preservado, observou-se normalizacao dos valores hematimetricos. Cabe correlacionar o quadro clinico e laboratorial para definir a real existencia de hiperesplenismo. METODO: Foram estudados 51 doentes portadores de hipertensao porta por esquistossomose mansonica distribuidos em cinco grupos: Grupo 1- pacientes nao operados e em controle clinico, Grupo 2- pacientes submetidos a anastomose esplenorrenal distal, Grupo 3 - pacientes com esplenectomia subtotal e anastomose esplenorrenal proximal, Grupo 4 - pacientes com esplenectomia total e anastomose esplenorrenal proximal e Grupo 5 - pacientes com esplenectomia total e desconexao porta-varizes. Sinais clinicos de hiperesplenismo foram pesquisados em todos os doentes. Os valores hematologicos e as contagens das imunoglobulinas do pre e do pos-operatorio foram comparados pelos testes de Friedman e t para amostras emparelhadas. Os grupos foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com significância p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: As medias dos valores hematimetricos dos doentes mostraram leucopenia, plaquetopenia e elevacao do tempo de protrombina no periodo pre-operatorio. Esses pacientes apresentavam eventuais episodios de sangramento pelas varizes esofagicas e gastricas. Nenhum deles teve sinais de coagulopatia ou sepse, apesar de os valores hematologicos estarem alterados. Em todos os grupos operados, os valores da hematimetria, da leucometria, o numero de plaquetas e o tempo de protombina do periodo pos-operatorio melhoraram em relacao ao periodo pre-operatorio. No pos-operatorio, a contagem das imunoglobulinas IgM, IgG e IgA foi normal. CONCLUSAO: Pacientes com hipertensao porta esquistossomatica e citopenia periferica nao podem ser classificados como portadores de hiperesplenismo, mas de pancitopenia por esplenomegalia consequente ao represamento sanguineo, por dificuldade na drenagem sanguinea porta.

Efeito da suplementação oral de vitamina C na resistência anastomótica intestinal

OBJECTIVE To compare the resistance of anastomosed and intact jejunal segments of rats submitted to administration of vitamin C in different postoperative periods. METHODS Fifty Wistar rats underwent enterotomy followed by end-to-end anastomosis of the jejunal segment, 10 cm from the duodenojejunal flexure. The animals were divided into two groups (n = 25): Group I--control; Group II--administration of oral vitamin C 100 mg/kg. We evaluated the bursting pressures of the anastomotic and the intact jejunal segments in the third, fifth, seventh, 21st and 28th postoperative days. RESULTS The rats that received vitamin C had higher anastomotic bursting pressure in the fifth, seventh and 28th postoperative days. The same happened with the bursting pressures of intact jejunal segments. CONCLUSION Vitamin C increased the resistance of jejunal anastomoses in rats, both in the immediate and in late postoperative periods. In addition, the final resistance of intact jejunal segments of rats under administration of vitamin C was significantly higher than in the control group.

Influence of local or systemic corticosteroids on skin wound healing resistance

PURPOSE To compare the resistance of skin wound healing of mice submitted to local or systemic hydrocortisone administration, in different postoperative periods. METHODS An incision and suture was performed on the thoracic skin of 130 male mice: Group 1 (n = 10) resistance of the integer skin; Group 2 (n = 30) submitted only to skin incision and suture; Group 3 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of saline fluid; Group 4 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of local hydrocortisone; Group 5 (n = 30) skin incision and suture followed by administration of systemic hydrocortisone. The resistance of the wound healing and the weight of the animals were studied on the seventh, 14(th) and 21(st) postoperative days. Histological examination was also performed. RESULTS The mice that received corticoid (groups 4 and 5) presented significant decreasing on their weight (p = 0.02). The Groups 3, 4 and 5 showed lower scar resistance than Group 2 on the seventh postoperative day (p < 0.05). On the 14(th) and 21(st) days, there was no difference on the skin would healing resistance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Administration of hydrocortisone in mice is responsible for weight decreasing and reduction of the skin wound healing resistance during the first postoperative week.

Is there a relationship between lipids metabolism and splenic surgeries

PURPOSE To assess the influence of spleen surgeries (splenectomy, presence of spleen and after conservative surgeries) on lipids metabolism. METHODS Fifty female Wistar rats of similar weight and age were divided into five groups submitted to the following procedures: Group 1 - control, with an intact spleen; Group 2 - sham operation, Group 3 - total splenectomy; Group 4 - subtotal splenectomy, and Group 5 - total splenectomy complemented with autogenous spleen tissue implants. Four months after the interventions, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were determined. The results for the four groups were compared by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer test, with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS There were no differences between groups 1, 2, 4 and 5. In the animals submitted to total splenectomy, total cholesterol (p=0.0151) and LDL-cholesterol fraction concentrations (p<0.0001) were higher, whereas HDL-cholesterol fraction concentrations were lower (p=0.0026) than those detected in the other groups. There was no difference in triglycerides (p=0.1571) or VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.2527) between groups. CONCLUSION Splenectomy is related to changes in the lipid metabolism that are reverted by autogenous spleen tissue implants.