Luiza Herminia Gallo

Efeito de diferentes intervalos de recuperação entre as séries sobre o desempenho muscular no exercício leg-press em idosas não treinadas

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of two different rest intervals (RI) between sets in the leg-press exercise on the number and sustainability of repetitions and total volume in untrained elderly women. METHODS: Eleven untrained elderly women (66.5 ± 5.0 years; 59.2 ± 9.1 kg; 146.4 ± 34.9 cm) were submitted to two experimental sessions of resistance exercise with intensity of 15 maximum repetitions. Each experimental session consisted of three sets performed until muscle fatigue with an RI of one (RI-1) or 3 minutes (RI-3). The experimental sessions were separated by at least 48 hours. All participants performed both protocols and a balanced cross-over outlining was used to determine the experimental sessions order. RESULTS: For both RI between sets, significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number and sustainability of repetitions was observed from the first to the second and third sets, and the second to the third sets. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the RI were observed in the two final sets. The total volume of the session with RI-3 was statistically higher (20.4%, P < 0.05) when compared with RI-1 session. CONCLUSION: The number and sustainability of repetitions and the total volume of training in untrained elderly women are influenced by the RI employed between sets. Longer RI should be used when the training goal is to increase training volume through the sustainability of repetitions. Conversely, a shorter RI should be used when the goal is to obtain higher levels of muscle fatigue.

Treinamento com pesos, velocidade de movimento e desempenho muscular: uma revisão sistemática

Estudos tem indicado o efeito da velocidade de movimento (VM) na promocao do desempenho e hipertrofia muscular de adultos jovens e idosos, contudo, nao se sabe qual a velocidade mais adequada para tais melhorias. O objetivo desta revisao e verificar o efeito cronico de diferentes VM na hipertrofia e desempenho muscular, em jovens e idosos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca sistematica nas bases de dados: Biological Abstracts, LILACS®, MEDLINE® (Pubmed), SciELO®, Scopus e Oxford Journal. Foram incluidos nesta revisao 12 artigos originais que avaliaram forca maxima isometrica e dinâmica (contracao voluntaria maxima, uma repeticao maxima, potencia) e hipertrofia muscular em humanos maiores de 18 anos apos periodos de TP com diferentes VM. Foram identificados 12 estudos. Os resultados sugerem que para jovens, a maior parte dos estudos demonstra aumento similar da potencia, forca e hipertrofia muscular independentemente VM treinada. Para idosos, a maioria dos estudos confirma melhora da forca muscular independentemente VM treinada. Contudo, para a potencia ainda ha controversias, pois alguns suportam que VM rapida e lenta sao eficientes igualmente, enquanto outros afirmam que VM rapida e melhor. Apenas um estudo com idosos avaliou a hipertrofia e este encontrou que ambas VM sao eficientes para aumento da mesma. Assim, conclui-se que independente da faixa etaria, para forca muscular, ambas as velocidades sao recomendadas e eficazes. Entretanto, para hipertrofia e potencia muscular ainda ha controversias na literatura, necessitando que se desenvolvam mais estudos que busquem esclarecer tais imprecisoes.

Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio sobre o perfil lipídico de ratos com hipertireoidismo

The relationship between physical exercise, either acute or chronic, and metabolic changes resulting from hyperthyroidism has been little studied in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of four weeks of aerobic training on the lipid profile of rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. 45 Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups: Sedentary Control (SC) -administered saline solution during the experimental period and did not exercise (n = 12); Trained Control (TC) - administered saline solution and underwent physical training (n = 11); Sedentary Hyperthyroidism (SH) - induced hyperthyroidism and did not exercise (n=12) and Trained Hyperthyroidism (TH) - induced hyperthyroidism and underwent physical training (n = 10). The aerobic training lasted one hour per day, five times a week, during four weeks. After the training period, the rats were anesthetized in CO2 chamber until their sedation. The blood was collected for total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and serum T3 dosage. Additionally, heart, liver, gastrocnemius muscle and adipose tissue of the mesenteric, retroperitoneal and subcutaneous regions were collected for weighing and triglycerides dosage. Two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher LSD Post-Hoc was applied for statistical analysis. Lower AGL values were observed in the SH group when compared with SC. The TH group presented lower weight of adipose tissue in the retroperitoneal compared with the SC group. The triglycerides concentrations in the mesenteric, gastrocnemius and retroperotoneal regions were higher in SH group compared with the SC and TC groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hyperthyroidism rats presented lipid profile different from the control rats and that aerobic training in rats may have altered the lipid profile of animals with experimental hyperthyroidism compared with the sedentary and control groups.

Treinamento com pesos, modelo de programa sistematizado para a terceira idade

Evidence has shown that maintaining a healthy physically active lifestyle can reduce the losses associated with the aging process. Among the recommended exercises for elderly people, weight training (WT) has received highlights, revealing benefits related to their performance of daily living activities and quality of life, among others. Thus, programs for elderly people should describe their experiences in an attempt to boost and to refine the activities related to WT. Thus this paper aims to describe the operation of the WT, which is one of the modes of the Physical Activity Program for Third Age (PROFIT). Currently the WT program has 45 participants, of which 80% are women and 20% are men. Most participants (84%) are aged 60 years, whereas 16% are aged between 54 and 59 years. Classes are held three times a week on nonconsecutive days, lasting 45 minutes. The participants perform eight exercises by alternating body segments, and are held three sets of each exercise. Accordingly, the WT program seeks to provide improvements in quality of life of the elderly population, as well as assist in undergraduate and graduate students formation and thus deepen the understanding of the effects of physical activity in older people.