Anna Raquel Silveira Gomes

Effects of strength and flexibility training on functional performance of healthy older people

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do alongamento e/ou exercicio resistido e destreinamento na performance funcional de idosos. METODOS: Quarenta e cinco sujeitos foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle (CG; n=13; 66±6 anos), alongamento (SG; n=10; 69±6 anos), resistido (RG; n=13; 69±5 anos), e resistido e alongamento (RSG; n=9; 66±5 anos). O CG nao realizou exercicios. Os grupos SG, RG e RSG realizaram aquecimento seguido de exercicios para membros inferiores 2 vezes por semana. O SG realizou 4 repeticoes de alongamento. O exercicio resistido foi realizado com carga de 65% de 10 repeticoes maximas (RM) durante 5 semanas, 70% nas 4 semanas seguintes e 75% nas ultimas 3 semanas. O RSG realizou ambos os exercicios. Antes, apos 6, 12 semanas, e apos 6 semanas de destreinamento, a aptidao cardiorrespiratoria foi avaliada usando o teste dos seis minutos de caminhada (6MWT), a forca muscular dos membros inferiores pelo teste de sentar e levantar de uma cadeira (SUCSD) e pressao arterial sistemica pelo esfigmomanometro e estetoscopio. Os resultados foram comparados pela ANOVA (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Seis semanas de treinamento aumentaram a distância percorrida (6MWT) do RG e diminuiram o tempo do SUCSD no SG. No entanto, RG aumentou a pressao arterial sistolica (SBP) apos o destreinamento comparada com o SG. A pressao arterial diastolica (DBP) diminuiu apos 6 semanas para o RSG e 12 semanas para o SG. CONCLUSOES: Seis semanas de alongamento ou treinamento resistido melhorou o desempenho funcional dos idosos. Porem, a DBP diminuiu apos 6 semanas, com a associacao do exercicio resistido com o alongamento. Ja o destreinamento, aumentou a SBP em idosos que treinaram exercicio resistido isolado.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of stretching and/or resistive exercise, followed by detraining, on the functional status of older people. METHODS Forty-five subjects were divided into four groups: control (CG; n=13; 66±6 years), stretching (SG; n=10; 69±6 years), resistive exercise (RG; n=13; 69±5 years), and resistive exercise and stretching (RSG; n=9; 66±5 years). The CG did not perform any exercise. The SG, RG, and RSG had warm-up sessions prior to performing lower-body exercises twice a week. The SG performed 4 repetitions of stretching. Resistive exercise was performed at a load of 65% of 10 repetitions maximum (RM) for five weeks, 70% for the next four weeks, and 75% for the last three weeks of the program. The RSG performed both exercises. Cardiorespiratory capacity was evaluated using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) at baseline, at the six- and 12-week follow-ups, and after a six-week period of detraining. Lower limb muscle strength was assessed using the stand up from a chair and sit down test (SUCSD), and blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope. The results were analyzed using ANOVA (p<0.05). RESULTS Six weeks of training increased walking distance (6MWT) in the RG and decreased SUCSD time in the SG. However, detraining increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the RG compared to the SG. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased after six weeks in the RSG and 12 weeks in the SG. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks of stretching or resistive training can improve the functional status of older people. Nevertheless, DBP decreased after six weeks with the combination of resistive exercise and stretching. Detraining increased SBP when resistive exercise alone was used.

Um projeto político-pedagógico de graduação em fisioterapia pautado em três eixos curriculares

Abstract Introduction: UFPR Litoral with its innovative PPP (Political-Pedagogical Project), based on Complexity Theory, is finalizing the implementation of its first Physical Therapy graduating group. Objectives: To comment some of the theoretical basis which sustain the project, presenting the experience of PPP’s collective construction process, focusing three curricular components. Metodology: Qualitative, with a theoretical-reflexive approach. Results: PPP’s construction resulted in a curricular organization based in three componets: TPF (Theoretical and Practical Fundaments), LP (Learning Projects) and CHI (Cultural and Humanistic Interactions). TPF consists about 60% of the curriculum, comprehending thematic modules elaborated by interdisciplinary professors team, based on the contextualized situation of the profession reality outside the campus. All contents taught follow Brazillian national curricular guidance and national health system. The PA allows students to develop projects, mediated by professors involving the triad: teaching-research-extension. These are contextualized to the reality of Parana’s coastal commu-nities, and also extended or amplified to other communities. The CHI (consisting 20% of the curriculum) allows the future professionals to experience the complexity of human being and its integration to the surrounding environment, once they share experiences with other graduation courses and communities. Conclusions: Throughout all these processes, UFPR students demonstrate distinguished characteristics, that come from generalist, humanist, critical and reflexive praxis, as recommended by national curricular guidance. So we hope these experiences provide articulation of knowledge and practices, developing qualified professionals and conscious citizens who care for the collectivity.Keywords: Teaching. Curriculum. Physical therapy. Education. Profession.

Efeito agudo da técnica de reeducação postural global na postura de mulheres com encurtamento da cadeia muscular anterior

INTRODUCTION: Global posture reeducation (GPR) is an evaluation and treatment method to several postural dysfunctions that use through global postures to treat alterations on muscular chains. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the effect of one session of GPR in the posture of women with shortened anterior muscular chain. METHODS: Thirty volunteers (20 ± 2.4 years) with shortened anterior chain were divided randomly in two groups: experimental group and control group. In the experimental group GPR was applied for 40 min, and in the control group, the participants were not submitted to any procedure. Eleven related variables were measured to analyze posture through photometry, before and immediately after GPR technique. RESULTS: The related variables to head and shoulder presented significant modifications as: the angle of head protrusion (p = 0.00), the heads horizontal alignment (p = 0.02), distance plum-line through ear (p = 0.00) and distance plumb-line through acromy (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: GPR induced immediate effect in the heads and shoulder position; however a single intervention of GPR was not able to alter the positioning of other analyzed structures, as trunk, pelvis and inferior limb.

Análise dos sintomas osteomusculares de professores do ensino fundamental em Matinhos (PR)

INTRODUCAO: Com a finalidade de investigar a etiologia dos sintomas osteomusculares em professores, estudos tem abordado a relacao entre o trabalho docente e as possiveis particularidades da profissao que podem levar ao adoecimento fisico dos professores. OBJETIVO: Analisar os sintomas osteomusculares de professores do ensino fundamental da cidade de Matinhos (PR). MATERIAIS E METODOS: Foram avaliados 126 professores (120 mulheres e seis homens, 38,6 ± 9 anos) por meio de um questionario contendo dados gerais e ocupacionais e pelo questionario nordico. Analises estatisticas univariadas desses questionarios foram realizadas com o teste qui-quadrado. Um modelo linear logistico multiplo foi estabelecido para predizer as variaveis respostas do questionario nordico a partir das variaveis independentes do questionario de dados gerais e ocupacionais. RESULTADOS: A presenca de dor nao indicou associacao significativa com a idade, realizacao de atividade fisica, numero de alunos por classe e tempo de profissao (p > 0,05), relacionou-se apenas com o numero de classes que lecionavam (p = 0,02). Porem, a presenca de dor nos ultimos 12 meses teve relacao com o impedimento de realizar atividade nos ultimos 12 meses e a procura por algum profissional da saude (p > 0,05). Dos participantes, 95,2% apresentaram algum sintoma osteomuscular. As areas mais atingidas foram lombar (51,5%), regiao dorsal (49,2%), ombro (49,2%) e pescoco (47,6%). CONCLUSOES: Os professores apresentaram elevada prevalencia de sintomas osteomusculares, especialmente na lombar, nos ombros e na regiao dorsal, os quais, por sua vez, provocaram o impedimento de realizar atividades cotidianas.

Remobilization through stretching improves gait recovery in the rat.

Remobilization of a previously immobilized rat right hindlimb in the ankle plantar-flexion-shortened position by free movement alone or associated with intermittent passive stretching was assessed by analysis of gait variables and dorsiflexion range of motion. The variables were related with the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and the addition of serial sarcomeres. Sixty-four female Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups: immobilized, free for 10 days, immobilized/stretched/free for 1, 3 or 10 days, immobilized/free for 1, 3 or 10 days. Gait variables, range of motion, serial sarcomeres number, localization and staining intensity of fibronectin, and expressions of types I and III collagen were analyzed. The hypokinesia changed the functional variables of gait, reduced the dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), increased the number of fibers with intracellular fibronectin/total number of fibers (FIF/TNF), and decreased the expression of the type I collagen. After three days, morphological changes were exacerbated and the number of serial sarcomeres was increased in both groups, immobilized/stretched/free and immobilized/free. Functional impairment, ROM restriction and increased FIF/TNF were also observed. Despite the above described alterations, 10 days of stretching program increased the effectiveness of remobilization leading to recovery of the abnormalities observed in the muscle.

Effects of stretching and resistive exercise in rat skeletal muscle

OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito do alongamento e do exercicio resistido no musculo soleo de rato. MATERIAIS E METODOS: Foram avaliados 24 ratos Wistar (380±50g) divididos em quatro grupos (n=6): C, controle-intacto; Along, alongamento do musculo soleo esquerdo durante 40 minutos; ER, exercicio resistido, quatro series de dez saltos; ER+Along, exercicio resistido e alongamento. Apos oito semanas, foi realizada a eutanasia dos animais e os musculos soleos foram avaliados quanto ao peso muscular, area de seccao transversa das fibras musculares (ASTFM), comprimento muscular, numero de sarcomeros em serie, comprimento dos sarcomeros e porcentagem de tecido conjuntivo. A analise estatistica foi realizada pela comparacao entre grupos, por meio do teste de analise de variância (ANOVA) post hoc Tukey, com significância <0,05. RESULTADOS: As ASTFM dos grupos ER e Along aumentaram quando comparadas ao grupo C. O comprimento muscular e o numero de sarcomeros em serie do ER+Along foram inferiores aos dos grupos Along e ER. O numero de sarcomeros em serie do Along foi superior ao C. Nao foram encontradas alteracoes no comprimento dos sarcomeros e na porcentagem de tecido conjuntivo. CONCLUSOES: O exercicio resistido associado ao alongamento causou diminuicao no comprimento muscular e no numero de sarcomeros em serie, provavelmente devido a frequencia diaria de exercicios. A realizacao isolada do alongamento, duas vezes por semana, ou do exercicio resistido, tres vezes por semana, foi suficiente para induzir hipertrofia muscular.

ANÁLISE DA PREVALÊNCIA DE LESÕES EM SURFISTAS DO LITORAL PARANAENSE

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries of surfers from the Paranás seacoast. METHODS: Sixty men (27 ± 6 years) completed a surf semi structured questionnaire (category, time of daily practice, frequency and exercises performed before and/or after surfing) and characteristics of injuries induced by this sport. A descriptive analysis of the data on distribution of the relative frequency was performed. RESULTS: It was found that 70% of the respondents practiced surfing as a relaxing activity, 28% were amateurs and 2% were professionals, who were surfing for 10 years or more. Most of them surfed between 2 to 4 times a week during 2 to 4 hours a day. The most common exercise performed before surfing was upper and lower limbs stretching and no exercises at all was done after practice. The most common injury was contusion (29%), lower limb was the most affected segment (46%) and the most common cause of injury was due to contact with the board (52%). The interruption period mostly reported was 1-3 months and the most frequent treatment was taking medicines. CONCLUSIONS: Recreational was the predominant category of surfers with lower limbs contusion as the most common musculoskeletal injury, resulting from contact with the board, being treated with medication and rest. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.Citação: Moraes GC, Guimarães ATB, Gomes ARS. Análise da prevalência de lesões em surfistas do litoral paranaense. Acta Ortop Bras. [online]. 2013;21(4):213-8. Disponível em URL: http://www.scielo.br/aob. Citation: Moraes GC, Guimarães ATB, Gomes ARS. Analysis of the prevalence of injuries in the Paraná coast surfers. Acta Ortop Bras. [online]. 2013;21(4):213-8. Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/aob. ResumoOBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in Parana coast surfers. METHODS: Sixty men (27 ± 6 years) completed a semistructured questionnaire on surfing(category, practice time daily and weekly and exercises performed before and/or after surfing) and characteristics of injuries induced by this sport. A descriptive analysis of the data on distribution of the relative frequency was performed. RESULTS: It was found that 70% of the respondents practiced surfing as relaxing activity, 28% were amateurs and 2% were professionals, who were surfing for 10 years or more. Most of them surfed between 2 to 4 times a week during 2 to 4 hours a day. The exercise more accomplished before surfing was stretching the upper and lower limbs and no exercises at all after practice. The most prevalent injury was contusion (29%), the segment most affected was the lower limb (46%) and the most common cause of injury was the contact with the board (52%). The period of absence that was more reported was 1-3 months and the most frequent treatment was taking medicines. CONCLUSIONS: The predominant category of recreational surfers with prevalence of contusion in the lower limbs, resulting from contact with the board, being treated with medication and rest. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.

Effects of Video Game Training on the Musculoskeletal Function of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of video game exercise training (VGET) on the musculoskeletal function of older adults. The review was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE, WEB OF KNOWLEDGE, PEDro, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Sixteen controlled clinical trials were included, and the risks of bias were measured using the JADAD scale. There was no evidence that VGET might be effective on functional mobility (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.13 to 0.59) or on balanced self-efficacy (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI: −0.29 to 0.60). Future randomized controlled trials with greater methodological rigor, focusing on the parameters used to prescribe the exercises, are necessary.

Acute effects of stretching exercise on the soleus muscle of female aged rats.

UNLABELLED It has been shown that stretching exercises can improve the flexibility and independence of the elderly. However, although these exercises commonly constitute training programs, the morphological adaptations induced by stretching exercises in aged skeletal muscle are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the acute effects of passive mechanical static stretching on the morphology, sarcomerogenesis and modulation of important components of the extracellular matrix of the soleus muscle of aged female rats. METHODS Fifteen old female rats with 26 months were divided into two groups: stretching (n=8, SG) and control (n=7, CG): The stretching protocol consisted of 4 repetitions each of 1 min with 30s interval between sets. Stretching was performed on the left soleus muscle, 3 times a week for 1 week. After three sessions, the rats were anesthetized to remove the left soleus muscle, and then euthanized. The following analyses were carried out: muscle fiber cross-sectional area and serial sarcomere number; immunohistochemistry for the quantification of collagen I, III and TGFβ-1. RESULTS a decrease in muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the SG was observed when compared to the CG (p=0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis); the percentage of type I collagen was significantly lower in the SG when compared to the CG (p=0.01, Kruskal-Wallis), as well as the percentage of TGFβ-1 (p=0.04, Kruskal-Wallis); collagen III was significantly higher in the SG than in the CG (7.06±6.88% vs 4.92±5.30%, p=0.01, Kruskal-Wallis). CONCLUSION Although the acute stretching induced muscle hypotrophy, an antifibrotic action was detected.

Effects of inhaled cigarette smoke on the myo-articular system of female rats with collagen-induced arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) imposes substantial costs on society, due to both the costs of treatment and the increase in work-related deficiencies; it also accelerates mortality.1 Studies have shown that cigarettes are a factor in the development of RA and also in the worsening of an already present condition, potentially modifying the gravity of RA.2,3 However, the importance of tobacco on the overall effects of RA remains unknown.2 It was shown that the prevalence of RA in Caucasian women with a genetic predisposition and who smoked was greater than in those with a genetic predisposition but did not smoke.4 In addition, RA, either isolated from or associated with smoking, leads to a compromised musculoskeletal system. If this condition is not controlled and is combined with a sedentary lifestyle, a compromised musculoskeletal system can cause a series of complications that culminate in a decrease in functionality and quality of life that is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality relative to the healthy population.5 Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effects of cigarette smoke on the myo-articular system of rats with induced arthritis.