Luiza Isnardi Cardoso Ricardo

Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Pregnancy and Maternal-Child Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies

BackgroundEvidence suggests that leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth. However, these results are inconsistent when comparing cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Objective The purpose of our study was to compare the associations between LTPA in pregnancy and maternal (GDM, preeclampsia, and weight gain during pregnancy) and child health outcomes (preterm birth, birthweight, and fetal growth) between RCTs and cohort studies.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO up to 31 August 2015. Inclusion criteria for experimental studies required randomized trials with a control group and exposure to a physical activity structured program. The inclusion criteria for cohort studies required information on LTPA during pregnancy as an exposure and at least one maternal–child health outcome. We assessed the methodological quality of all studies and performed a meta-analysis to produce summary estimates of the effects using random models.ResultsWe included 30 RCTs and 51 cohort studies. The meta-analysis of RCTs indicated that participation in LTPA was associated with lower weight gain during pregnancy, lower likelihood of GDM, and lower likelihood of delivering a large-for-gestational-age infant. Cohort studies indicated that participation in LTPA was associated with lower weight gain during pregnancy, lower likelihood of GDM, and lower risk of preterm delivery.ConclusionsOur findings support the promotion of LTPA in pregnancy as a strategy to improve maternal and child health.

ADESÃO DE IDOSOS A PROGRAMAS DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA: MOTIVAÇÃO E SIGNIFICÂNCIA

O estudo objetiva identificar motivos pelos quais idosos de Pelotas, RS, aderem a programas de atividade fisica (AF) e determinar a importância da AF. Com relacao a metodologia, o estudo tem carater descritivo com corte transversal e o instrumento utilizado na coleta de dados foi um questionario semiestruturado, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A amostra e composta por 199 idosos – sendo 195 do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino. Os participantes apresentam uma media de idade de 70,03 ± 6,17; e 46,7% pertencem a classe social “C”, conforme parâmetros da ABEP. Os resultados indicam a ‘prevencao de problemas de saude’ como o principal motivo de adesao, 68,8%, e como a primordial importância atribuida a AF, 75,9%. Esta percepcao indica uma postura consciente da relacao AF e saude.

Prevalence of sedentary behavior and its correlates among primary and secondary school students

Abstract Objective: To determine the students’ exposure to four different sedentary behavior (SB) indicators and their associations with gender, grade, age, economic status and physical activity level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. The SB was collected using the HELENA instrument, composed by screen time questions (TV, video games and internet) and sitting activities on school opposite shift. The cut point of ≥2h/day was used to categorize the outcome. The Poisson regression was used for associations between the outcome and the independent variables (95% significance level), controlling for confounding variables and the possible design effect. Results: The sample was composed by 8661 students. The overall prevalence of SB was 69.2% (CI95% 68.1–70.2) on weekdays, and 79.6% (CI95% 78.7–80.5) on weekends. Females were more associated with the outcome, except to electronic games. Advanced grades students were more involved in sitting tasks when compared to the early grades. Older students were more likely to surf on net for ≥2h/day. Higher economic level students were more likely to engage in video games and internet. Active individuals were less likely to engage in SB on weekdays. Conclusions: The prevalence of SB was high, mainly on weekends. The associations with sex, age, grade and physical activity level should be considered into elaboration of more efficient interventions on SB control.

Is Brazil going to achieve the road traffic deaths target? An analysis about the sustainable development goals

Objective To describe the temporal relationship between the road traffic mortality rate and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Brazil, and make an annual prediction of the evolution of both indicators until 2020, the end of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) monitoring period. Methods Brazilian road traffic mortality rate official data were described from 2000 to 2015, while the GDP per capita official data were described from 2000 to 2013. GDP per capita and traffic mortality rate predictions were performed until 2020 using fractional polynomial analysis. Correlations were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results From 2000 to 2015, there were over 446 000 road crashes fatal victims in Brazil. The road traffic mortality rate was positively related to the Brazilian GDP per capita, with a strong correlation (r=0.89; p<0.001) from 2000 to 2013 and a mild correlation (r=0.55; p<0.001) considering the whole period (2000–2020). The predictions show a reduction on the road traffic mortality rates in Brazil; however, if this same reduction pace continues, we estimate that the country will reach 12.4 road crash deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in 2020, a reduction of only 13.4% compared with 2015. Conclusion If the same mortality reduction pace continues in Brazil, the country will not reach the proposed SDG, which is to reduce by half the number of deaths per 100 000 inhabitants. In addition, an intertwined conciliation between economical growth, sustainable development and public policies is needed in order to meet such an overwhelming goal.

Temporal Trends of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Simultaneity in Brazilian Students

OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior simultaneity among Brazilian students from 2009 to 2015 and its association with independent variables. METHODS This study presents a panel of 3 cross-sectional studies carried out in 2009, 2012, and 2015 (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar-PeNSE). The population was comprised of ninth-grade public and private schools students from Brazilian capitals. Physical activity and sedentary behavior variables were combined to create the outcome of simultaneity of these risk factors. RESULTS A large proportion of students were simultaneously inactive and sedentary in the 3 surveys. However, it was possible to observe a downward trend (2009: 56.4%; 95% confidence interval, 55.7-57.1; 2012: 53.7%; 95% confidence interval, 53.0-54.4; 2015: 51.9%; 95% confidence interval, 51.2-52.7). In 2015, estimates of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior simultaneity were greater than 48% for 20 out of 27 of the Brazilian states. Significant declining trends were observed among mideast residents, females, nonwhite, and those attending private schools. Only around 5%-7% of the adolescents were both active and nonsedentary in the 3 surveys. CONCLUSION Despite of a slight decreasing trend in the proportion of Brazilian students simultaneously inactive and sedentary throughout the period, the prevalence remained elevated across the surveys.

Elderly people adhesion to a physical activity program: purposes and significance

O estudo objetiva identificar motivos pelos quais idosos de Pelotas, RS, aderem a programas de atividade fisica (AF) e determinar a importância da AF. Com relacao a metodologia, o estudo tem carater descritivo com corte transversal e o instrumento utilizado na coleta de dados foi um questionario semiestruturado, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A amostra e composta por 199 idosos – sendo 195 do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino. Os participantes apresentam uma media de idade de 70,03 ± 6,17; e 46,7% pertencem a classe social “C”, conforme parâmetros da ABEP. Os resultados indicam a ‘prevencao de problemas de saude’ como o principal motivo de adesao, 68,8%, e como a primordial importância atribuida a AF, 75,9%. Esta percepcao indica uma postura consciente da relacao AF e saude.

Adhesión de ancianos a los programas de actividades físicas: motivación y significación

O estudo objetiva identificar motivos pelos quais idosos de Pelotas, RS, aderem a programas de atividade fisica (AF) e determinar a importância da AF. Com relacao a metodologia, o estudo tem carater descritivo com corte transversal e o instrumento utilizado na coleta de dados foi um questionario semiestruturado, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A amostra e composta por 199 idosos – sendo 195 do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino. Os participantes apresentam uma media de idade de 70,03 ± 6,17; e 46,7% pertencem a classe social “C”, conforme parâmetros da ABEP. Os resultados indicam a ‘prevencao de problemas de saude’ como o principal motivo de adesao, 68,8%, e como a primordial importância atribuida a AF, 75,9%. Esta percepcao indica uma postura consciente da relacao AF e saude.