Luiza Sonia Rios Asciutti

Programa de intervenção nutricional associado à atividade física: discurso de idosas obesas

Obesity is a complex nutritional problem with social and psychological dimensions, which affects individuals of all ages. In addition to presenting risk factors for some diseases, obesity may interfere with the quality of life of the elderly. This qualitative study of an exploratory nature investigated the discourse of obese elderly women regarding their participation in a nutritional intervention program associated with physical activity. Eighteen obese elderly women attending Centers of Reference and Citizenship in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraiba, Brazil were enlisted in the study. Interviews using a series of questions that addressed the core issue pertaining to the scope of the study was the technique used for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed by the collective subject discourse (CSD) technique. The following central ideas emerged from CSD: changes in lifestyle, in eating habits, in health and in self-esteem. The core ideas reflected the value attributed to the aforesaid program for promotion of health of the group of elderly women who participated in the study. It is hoped that this research might elicit further investigation in the area of health of the elderly.

Concentrações de 25-hidroxivitamina D e níveis pressóricos em idosos hipertensos

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status and its relationship with associated factors in 91 elderly hypertensive patients in Joao Pessoa, PB/BR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 91 elderly patients were compared with biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary data, type of skin, exposure to sunlight, and blood pressure. RESULTS: The prevalence of inadequate vitamin concentrations (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 29 ng/mL) was 33%. The concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure and positively associated with weekly fish consumption. The other variables showed no significant association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D concentrations was related with higher blood pressure in elderly patients. Moreover, greater fish weekly consumption influenced greater 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.

Relation between glucose levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), body mass index (BMI) and serum and dietary retinol in elderly in population-based study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between fasting glucose levels, hs-CRP, BMI and serum retinol and diet in elderly people. For this study, a cross-sectional, epidemiological, population-based format was adopted. One hundred and sixty-three individuals between 60 and 90 years of age participated; the participants were from different socioeconomic and health backgrounds, except for the individuals diagnosed with diabetes. Most subjects had serum concentrations in the reference ranges for all variables. There was not a significant relationship between fasting glucose and serum retinol or diet. There was a significant correlation between hs-CRP and BMI (r=0.22, p=0.0082) and hs-CRP and total calorie intake (p=0.0091), which reinforces the notion that an increased intake of calories results in being overweight and/or obese. Considering the importance of vitamin A in various physiological processes, more studies on these relationships are necessary to establish a recommendation of vitamin A for the treatment and prevention of changes in fasting glucose and obesity in the elderly population.

ENVELHECIMENTO E OBESIDADE: UM GRANDE DESAFIO NO SÉCULO XXI

According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of obesity in the world characterizes one global epidemic. It is a complex nutritional problem with serious social and psychological dimensions which affect individuals in all ages and all socio-economic groups. Besides presenting risk factors for Non-Transmissible Chronic Diseases (NTCD), it can interfere in one’s quality of life, especially at old age. In this context, this bibliographical review was motivated by the need to have more in-depth knowledge about problems related to old population and the occurrence of obesity, based on its crescent prevalence in this age - and the importance of adequate eating habits - as a central factor to their health. This leads to the conclusion that changes in lifestyle, such as the adoption of healthy eating habits, associated with frequent workout, can be beneficial in the quality of life of these people, especially in the prevention and control of obesity.

Association Between Waist-to-Height Ratio, Isolated and Combined Morbidities and C-Reactive Protein in the Elderly: A Clinical-Epidemiological Study

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the elderly (considering their most prevalent morbidities and lifestyles), to investigate the relationship between this anthropometric index and the presence of the most prevalent morbidities (isolated or combined), and to identify which morbidities (analyzed individually) would have greater associations with WHtR. This cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study of a stratified sampling comprised 170 elderly individuals between 60 and 90 years of age (both genders). Home visits were used to administer questionnaires and to perform anthropometric measurements and blood collection. The mean patient age was younger than 70 years, with women comprising the majority (69.41%) and with 90% of the patients presenting with inadequate WHtR. Hypertension was the most prevalent morbidity in this cohort (58.52%), and when analyzed in combination, hypertension plus obesity were the most frequently diagnosed morbidities (17.65%). Obesity, which was among the most prevalent comorbidities, was the only comorbidity combined with WHtR (p = 0.0019). Individuals with no morbidities had lower mean WHtR values compared with individuals with at least one morbidity (p = 0.0075). In the multiple linear regression model, it was identified that when individuals had one or more of the most prevalent comorbidities, the mean WHtR increased by 0.0415 (p = 0.0065). A correlation between WHtR and CRP (p = 0.0379) was also verified. Based on the relationships observed between WHtR (isolated or in combination, data unpublished) and CRP among the elderly, WHtR may represent a screening tool because it is a simple and effective anthropometric index.

Relationship between hemoglobin, serum retinol and habitual meat consumption in the elderly: a population-based study.

Considering the scarcity of data on the relationship between hemoglobin, serum retinol and habitual meat consumption in the elderly, a cross-sectional population-based study was performed, which was representative of the population of a state capital in Northeastern Brazil, including 176 elderly aged between 60 and 90 years, who responded to questionnaires about habitual food consumption and socioeconomic aspects. Blood counts and serum retinol analyses were carried out. The prevalence of anemia was 9.58%, and 96% of elderly showing adequate serum retinol levels. The consumption of vitamin A and iron was adequate in 93.75% and 85%, respectively. There was no correlation between serum retinol and hemoglobin values (p=0.56), and as expected, there was a positive association between meat consumption and hemoglobin (p=0.02). Based on results obtained in this study, it was concluded that the maintenance of adequate vitamin A and meat intake in this population should be encouraged, which appears to be an effective intervention strategy to achieve appropriate serum retinol and hemoglobin values, and hence lower iron deficiency anemia rates.

Repercussões sociais no hábito alimentar dos obesos

The objective of this study was to analyze the social factors of the daily life that most influence the food habits of obese individuals, using a qualitative approach. Participants were 11 obese patients attended at the Nutrition Clinics of a public hospital in the city of Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Semi-structured and recorded interviews were held for content analysis. It was observed that the categories that stood out in the interviews were negative self-image, discrimination, anxiety and guilt feeling. When becoming obese, individuals create a negative self-image that causes anxiety and depression, among other factors, which may lead them to a guilt feeling, reinforced by social discrimination that instead of helping them losing weight, seems to encourage them to eat more.