Luo Guo-an

Immobilization of glucose oxidase in sol–gel matrix and its application to fabricate chemiluminescent glucose sensor

Abstract In this paper, glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized in the course of sol–gel process of TEOS, and we cast the GOD-doped sol to different supports (silica gel and molecular sieve) to prepare the GOD columns. It was demonstrated that the activity of GOD remained high in sol–gel matrix. With the application of the GOD column prepared with sol–gel method to a flowing injection chemiluminescent system, glucose could be effectively determined with the linear range of the concentration in 3.5–70 μmol/l and the detection limit was at 0.6 μmol/l.

Studies on Self‐Assembly Monolayers of Cysteine on Gold by XPS, QCM, and Electrochemical Techniques

Cysteine is a commonly used self-assembly reagent in the preparation of modified electrode and biosensors. Self-assembly of cysteine on gold has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron sepectroscopy (XPS), quartz crystal micobalance (QCM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in this article. The results of QCM and EIS revealed that the formation of saturated self-assembly monolayers of cysteine on gold required at least 30 min. The interfacial properties of the gold electrode modified with self-assembled cysteine was probed with a [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– redox couple. Contrary to the previous results obtained from the same experimental procedure with self-assembly of octadecyl mercaptan, the electrochemical behavior of the redox probe was not blocked but improved with cysteine absorbed on a gold electrode. As cysteine is electroactive, the native electrochemical properties of adsorbed cysteine are discussed as well.

PH-RESPONSE OF NANOSIZED MNO2 PREPARED WITH SOLID STATE REACTION ROUTE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Abstract MnO2 was prepared using a novel synthetic route based on the solid state reaction of KMnO4 with MnCl2·4H2O at room temperature. MnO2 powder synthesized with this method was nanosized and had large specific surface area (300 m2/g). The electrode coated with a thin film of MnO2 exhibited a fast, stable pH response in aqueous solution. A linear pH–potential curve was observed over the pH range of 2–12 with a sensitivity of −78.3 mV/pH at room temperature. In addition, its response mechanism was discussed as well in this paper.

Photoelectrochemistry as a novel strategy for DNA hybridization detection.

The special properties of ssDNA and dsDNA molecules in structure and electric behavior, may offer us some new ideas for the fabrication of genosensors and DNA-chips. In this work, the photoelectrochemical method was firstly employed to characterize the photoelectric behavior of a ssDNA probe electrode, which was prepared with the self-assembly technique, and its resulting dsDNA electrode. The obvious decrease in the photocurrent of the dsDNA modified electrode at open potential or a bias voltage indicated that photoelectrochemistry was another useful method for DNA hybridization detection. Using the special design of ssDNA probes, we attempt to discuss further the relationship between the properties of DNA molecules and their photoelectric behaviors. In addition, the electrochemical impedance method was employed to verify the occurrence of some modifications over the electrode interface before and after the hybridization event.

Studies on the Metabonomics of Premenstrual Syndrome Liver-Qi Invasion Patient Interfered by Jingqianping Granules

Abstract This work deals with the variation of urinary metabolite of patients suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and the function of Jingqianping granules (JG) in intervening liver-Qi invasion by metabonomic. The metabonomic characteristics and the micromolecular marking compound, which are closely related to the pathogenesis of PMS liver-Qi invasion cases, are also investigated. PMS liver-Qi invasion cases are calibrated according to the diagnostic criteria, including criteria, and excluding criteria. The urine samples from PMS liver-Qi invasion patients are analyzed at different times using UPLC-Q-TOF in combination with PCA pattern analysis, followed by discrimination of the metabolic outline and searching for the possible biological tags and metabolic pathways. The metabolic outline of premenstrual urine samples has significant difference among the control group, the PMS liver-Qi invasion group, and the PMS liver-Qi invasion treatment group. The metabolic outline of premenstrual urine sample of the PMS liver-Qi invasion group diverges from the premenstrual and postmenstrual urine samples of the control group and the postmenstrual urine sample of the PMS liver-Qi invasion group. Compared with the control group, N-acetyl-2-glutamate-5-semialdehyde has decreased greatly in the N-acetyl-2-glutamate-5-semialdehyde liver-Qi invasion group, and histidine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelaldehyde have increased significantly. This research, for the first time, deals with the metabolic pattern differences between the control group and the administration group. It shows that JG may repair metabolic disturbance of endogenous micromolecules in PMS liver-Qi invasion cases in terms of metabonomics. It also demonstrates that symptoms present before menstruation in PMS patients and the characteristic of PMS is that the symptoms appear before menstruation and disappear after it among PMS liver-Qi invasion cases.

Prospect on the Composite Drugs Innovation System

Abstract With the analysis of opportunities and challenges for the drug innovation, this research proposed a definition of the composite drug, which means a compatible combination of multiple compounds or multi-group compounds developed under the guidance of multiple therapeutic principles and mechanisms in order to achieve an optimal holistic efficacy. Composite drugs may consist of composite Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and composite synthetic drugs or the combination of the both. The characteristics of composite drug innovation system are the followings: first, its target is the patient, not just a particular disease. Second, it requires the collaboration from physicians and the combination of iatrology and pharmacology. Third, it requires an R&D procedure of clinical experience to animal experiment to clinical trial. Fourth, it requires the development of a comprehensive assessment system for the clinical efficacy. Fifth, it requires developing an integrative system for screening of composite drugs. Sixth, it requires a development of an integrative system with both holistic characterization and specific characterization of the pharmaceutical components group. The current key issues for the innovation of composite TCM drugs are to develop a comprehensive assessment system for the clinical efficacy of TCM, to develop an integrative system for screening of composite drugs according to the characteristics of TCM and to standardize the approaches for the integrative characterizing of composite drugs. As in some demonstrative studies, this research has developed a new approach, Chemomics-integrated Global System Biology based on which a few composite drugs have been developed: one for treatment of ischemic apoplexy using TCM Qingkailing, and another one for treatment of ischemic cardiopathy using TCM Shuanglongfang. The current key issues for the innovation of composite synthetic drugs should focus on how to innovate the notions in order to establish an acknowledged model for the innovation of composite synthetic drugs, to attract physicians to participate in the composite drug innovation in order to establish an R&D procedure of clinical experience to animal experiment to clinical trial, and to strengthen the research of the composite drugs combining TCM and synthetic drugs.

Transport Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin in Gold Nanotubule Membrane Modified with Cl

Abstract Gold nanotubule membranes were prepared by using electroless deposition of gold in the pores and on the surfaces of polycarbonate track-etched membranes, and the membranes were modified with Cl − . An electrochemical method ( i –t) was then developed for studying the transport properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in these nanotubule membranes. In phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4), when an electric field (l V) was applied between the two sides of the membrane, the response current decreased with the adding of BSA solution. The decrement of response current was in a linear relationship with the concentration of BSA in the range of 1.50 × 10 −10 –1.35 × 10 −9 M ( r = 0.9980), and the limit of detection was 9.46×10 −11 M ( S/N = 3).

Proteome analysis of Chinese miniswine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract The proteome of Chinese miniswine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was investigated in this study. Proteins extracted from MSCs were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and about 1600 protein spots were detected using the silver nitrate staining method. 48 proteins were digested by trypsin for mass spectrometry analysis. 37 proteins were successfully identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). The biological functions of these identified proteins were involved in different cell processes. Proteomics was successfully applied for the protein expression analysis of Chinese miniswine bone marrow MSCs and some useful data were provided for the future study of MSCs.

基于“药物-靶点-通路”网络的血必净注射液治疗脓毒症分子调控机制

构建血必净注射液治疗脓毒症的“药物-靶点-通路”分子调控网络，基于“系统-系统”的模式探索其治疗脓毒症“多成分-多靶点-多通路”的作用机制。针对血必净注射液整体化学物质组中的活性成分，采用网络药理学研究方法，利用基于反向药效团匹配的靶标识别服务平台分析预测潜在作用靶点，获取的靶点信息利用DAVID和KEGG数据库进行通路注释，采用Cytoscape软件构建血必净注射液治疗脓毒症的“成分-靶点-通路”网络模型。结果显示，血必净注射液中21个主要活性成分通过调控HRAS、GSK3B、BTK和AK等550个靶点，干预B细胞受体信号转导途径、血管内皮生长因子信号通路、自然杀伤细胞介导的细胞毒作用和Toll样受体信号转导途径等10条通路发挥抗炎、调节免疫等作用。血必净注射液对脓毒症的治疗作用体现了中药多成分、多靶点和多途径的作用特点。本研究明确了血必净注射液抗炎和调节免疫作用的物质基础，为深入阐释血必净注射液治疗脓毒症作用相关机制提供科学依据。

System Medicine and Translational Medicine

Abstract In this perspective study, the authors introduce the background, goals, and roadmap of Translational Medicine, address the differences between oriental and western medicines, as well as their development tendency, and then discuss the developments in and prospects for the System Medicine. The advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) lie in its guidelines based on the holism and systems theory; its methodology based on the theory as “the harmony between humans and nature” to regulate the bodys balance; and its personalized treatment with TCM formulas. However, modernization of TCM still faces some challenges: how to translate the self-explanatory closed system into an receptively open system; how to achieve the combination, integration, and convergence of TCM with other modern sciences and technologies (such as systems biology); how to implement the modern scientific mode, methodologies, and achievements in the study of TCM, and interpret it with data instead words. Although there is a large difference between the oriental and western medicine systems, the trend of complementary development and integration of both is irresistible. We should try to push the progress in the combination, integration, and convergence of oriental and western medicines to welcome the emergence of System Medicines in the 21st century. The development of System Medicine may have following requirements and characteristics: first, the integrated research on medicine and pharmacy requires the “system–system” interaction character between the drug system and biological system; second, the clinical diagnosis system by the combination of disease and syndrome requires an integrative expression, including some quantitative indexes of syndromes in TCM, some pathological and biochemical indexes as well as imaging diagnostic markers in western medicine, and some biomarkers, such as genes, proteins, and metabolites discovered by systems biology studies; third, a clinical-treatment mode based on the correspondence of formula, disease and syndrome requires that the pattern of compound drugs be widely used for the human system by the combination of disease and syndrome, in order to achieve goals known as “correspondence of formula, disease and syndrome, comprehensive management and systematic condition” fourth, the research and development (R&D) mode of new drugs require “participation of physicians and combination of medicine and pharmacy”, which is a route known as “Beside-Bench-Beside” fifth, the representation of compound drugs and human system requires the combination of macroscopic characterization and microcosmic feature, also the combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses.