M.B. Kamenkov

Radiometric method of detection of biological objects covered by vegetation

Materials about possibilities of object detection, correlated with its radiobrightness contrast to surroundings, are presented. The results of investigation of possibilities of biological object detection for objects, shaded by vegetation, are presented. The conclusion was made, that biological object (a man), shaded by vegetation, can be detected from a distance up to 1.5 km, if attenuation of electromagnetic waves, correlated with vegetation, is not more -25 dB. The experimental results of object detection are presented.

On-board radiometer calibration and determination of the errors of measurement of radio-brightness temperature of the underlying surface during space monitoring of the earth

In this article the authors give the analysis factors that cause errors of radio-brightness temperature measurement during the space monitoring of the Earth by on-board radiometers, methods of ground and on-board calibrations, and the example of evaluation of the radio-brightness temperature measurement by the on-board radiometric complex.

Results of Development of Radiometric Receivers mm and Submillimeter Range

Results of development of space-based radiometric receivers in a frequency range 10 GHz ... 206 GHz is considered. Are resulted technical characteristics the developed radiometric systems intended for remote sensing of a surface of the Earth (including ocean) and atmosphere. Results of flight measurements also are submitted.

Radiometric system for space monitoring of atmosphere pollution

Nowadays the world community is paying great attention to the problem of atmosphere pollution. UN took several conventions including Kyoto protocol which restricts industrial waste outflow to atmosphere and water. As a result special importance is paid to the implementation of obligations taken by particular countries. The remote sensing system is the only means for solving this problem. In the present article passive radio specter method based on measuring the radiation levels of various substances at own resonance frequencies such as CH4, CO, CO2, SO2, HCl, NOx, ClO2, as well as solid particles.

Radiometric Method and Equipment for Measuring the Molten Metal Temperature and Lining Thickness of Melting Facility

This article describes the radiometric technique and the equipment for repeated continuous measurements of molten metal temperature in the metallurgical industry. These radiometric methods to measure molten metal temperature are based on microwave noise radiation measurements. This method is the alternative to the thermocouple method: by these method the repeated measurements can be taken and each measurement can be continued for the necessary period of time while by the thermocouple method only a few measurements can be taken in the high temperature aggressive environment. Results of new experiments are presented.

Radiometric Complex for Determination Man Temperature Profile

The article shows the way to decrease temperature measurement error by reduction of influence of reflection coefficient from skin. The scheme of a radiometric receiver with feedback in high frequency section is represented. This kind of scheme compensates signal decrease due to antenna mismatch. The article provides a description of the radiometric complex structure.

Experience of Creation of Multichannel Scanning Radiometers

The article considers the principles of construction of radiometric receivers in cm, mm and submillimeter wave bands. The basic characteristics, construction and results of measurement of main parameters of scanning mirror antenna and microwave channels including filters, modulators, multifrequency horn feed antennas that combines submillimeter range with millimeter and centimetric ranges are offered. The results of development of a radiometer with digital processing, results of optimization of sensitivity of this radiometer are given. The results of development of a radiometer with a pilot signal and its experimental performances are circumscribed. The comparative estimation of sensitivity for the different schemes and constructions of radiometers is given.

Spatial (Aperture) Noise Generators

Spatial noise generators with apertures of 200 mm, 270 mm, 1500 mm were developed in OKB MEL. Spatial noise generators with apertures of 200, 270 mm are Djuar vessels filled up by boiling liquid nitrogen, with metal cylinder, fixed in liquid nitrogens zone. One of cylinders founding is cooled by boiling nitrogen. It is covered by radio-absorption material. Another founding, covered by heat protection radio-transparent material, is radiating aperture of spatial noise generator. Spatial noise generators with aperture of 1500 mm is a collimating system, which consists of the parabolic reflector (part of parabolic) and radiator, which consists of aperture noise generator and additional reflector (contra-reflector). Additional reflector also provides lighting of main mirror (parabolic reflector) and forming of plane parallel collimation beam. Methodology of noise temperature unevenness measurements in the section of the collimation beam is presented.

Space Monitoring of Atmosphere Pollution by Satellite Passive Radar System

Nowadays the world community is paying great attention to the problem of atmosphere pollution. UN took several conventions including Kyoto protocol which restricts industrial waste outflow to atmosphere and water. As a result special importance is paid to the implementation of obligations taken by particular countries. The remote sensing system is the only means for solving this problem. In the present article passive radio specter method based on measuring the radiation levels of various substances at own resonance frequencies such as CH4, CO, CO2, SO2, HCl, NOx, ClO2, as well as solid particles.

Analysis of Possibilities of Creating the Radioelectronic Complexes to be Made for Detection of Biological Objects Covered by Vegetation

Materials about possibilities of object detection, correlated with its radiobrightness contrast to surroundings, are presented. The results of investigation of possibilities of biological object detection for objects, shaded by vegetation, are presented. The conclusion was made, that biological object (a man), shaded by vegetation, can be detected from a distance up to 15 km, if attenuation of electromagnetic waves, correlated with vegetation, is not more -25 dB. The experimental results of object detection are presented.