M.-C. Pera

Energetic Macroscopic Representation of a Fuel Cell-Supercapacitor System

This paper presents a model of a fuel cell- supercapacitor system which represents the electric power supply device of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The fuel cell and the supercapacitors are coupled with a DC bus and a common cooling system. The first part of this paper deals with the modeling of the elements of the system (fuel cell system (FCS), supercapacitors, power electronics, and temperature regulation system). The second part deals with the design of a control structure which regulates the DC bus voltage, the fuel cell power, and the power source temperature. Simulation and experimental results are provided and analyzed.

Multi physics modelling and representation of power and energy sources for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper presents power sources models for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). These models are designed in order to be integrated in a complete HEV simulation. Moreover, the final objective of this simulation is to study two control levels: the local control of each subsystems and the energy management of the entire system. Consequently, a multi-physics control oriented formalism is used: Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR).

Energetic macroscopic representation of a multiple architecture heavy duty hybrid vehicle

This paper presents the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) of a multiple architecture heavy duty hybrid vehicle. The vehicle is a mobile test bench for an “Electrical Chain Components Evaluation” (ECCE). The aims of this paper are: 1) To develop the different energetic macroscopic representations of the vehicle, 2) To present different energetic configurations using the available power and energy sources (super capacitors, fuel cell system, internal combustion engine, flywheel system and batteries).

Energetic Macroscopic Representation as an efficient tool for energy management in a hybrid electrical system embedded in a helicopter

The project is based on the design of an electric network embedded in a helicopter. The electric network supplies the aircraft auxiliaries. It is powered by a turbo alternator and hybridized with other electric sources in order to fulfil the demand of the auxiliaries and to limit the consumption on the main source. In this paper, the studied hybrid system is composed of the main source (the turbine and the alternator), the secondary source (batteries and supercapacitors) and the load representing the auxiliaries. The model of this electric network is organized by using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR). A Maximal Control Structure (MCS) is determined by inversion rules of the EMR model. An energy management strategy is defined to share the power supplied by each of the electrical sources. This share depends on the dynamic of the load. Simulation results, using Matlab Simulink™ software, are presented.

Energetic Macroscopic Representation of a hybrid railway powertrain

Due to its railroad activities, the SNCF (French National Railway Company) tries to anticipate oil rarefaction and to improve its commitment in environment protection. Thus, its research program in energetics deals with the hybridization of the railway powertrains and substations. One of the problems identified is the design and the control (local and global) of a multi sources and multi-storage system. To solve this problem, an Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) and a Maximal Control Structure (MCS) of each element of the system is presented. Then, results of an energy management strategy based on filtering are proposed and discussed.

Energy management of a fuel cell system: Influence of the air supply control on the water issues

The objective of this work is to study the impact of the air supply of a fuel cell system on the humidification and water management issues. The first study consists in defining an indicator of the humidification state, which represents the output air moisture content and quantifies the quality of the water management. This indicator is evaluated both in simulation and experimentally. It is shown that it can be used in real time to improve the energy management and control of the fuel cell. Specifically, taking into account the air moisture in the air supply energy management is a mean to avoid major defects like fuel cell flooding or electrolyte membrane drying.

SOFC modelling based on discrete Bayesian network For system diagnosis use

Abstract We propose in this paper a diagnosis method that is aimed to detect and isolate SOFC system fault by using the FC stack as a sensor. A discrete Bayesian network (BN) was established to illustrate the input-output causal relations of the stack. In order to examine the generalizability of the network structure, the BN was parameterized to fit the experimental data from two different SOFC systems. The models showed reasonable accuracy of state estimation for 6 operating variables. Finally, the BN model was experimented for diagnosing a specified system fault.

Study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell safety procedures in case of emergency shutdown

Fuel cell is an electrochemical device, which converts directly chemical energy into electricity and heat, by combining gaseous hydrogen with oxygen. In order to develop industrial and competitive products, reliability, availability, maintainability and safety have to be achieved. The buffer amount of reactants which is accumulated in the fuel cell represents potential energy and the electrical capacitive impedance as well. Furthermore, availability of a minimal power is often obtained by producing the power from several modules to have a sufficient level of redundancy. This work analyses the main problems leading to faulty operation and offers an electric and fluidic mixed solution to provide a continuous system operation.

Type-2 fuzzy logic control of a DC/DC buck converter

Abstract This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) that performs the output voltage regulation of a DC/DC buck power converter. As type-1 FLC are well known in this application, the objective is to consider a type-2 FLC. The voltage controller is implemented, evaluated and compared (using a type-1 and a type-2 FLC) by simulation and by experimentation.

Energetic macroscopic representation of an electric network embedded in a helicopter

The project is based on the design of an electric network embedded in a helicopter, that supplies the aircraft auxiliaries. It is powered by a turbine and hybridized with other electric sources in order to fulfil the demand of the auxiliaries and to limit the consumption on the main source. In this paper, the studied hybrid system is composed of the main source (the turbine and the alternator), a secondary source (batteries) and the auxiliaries load. The model of this system is based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR). A Maximal Control Structure (MCS) is determined by inversion rules of the EMR model. Simulation results, obtained by Matlab Simulink™ software, are shown.