M. H. K. Bendels

Asylsuchende und Impfen

ZusammenfassungSeit 2014 ist die Zahl der Asylsuchenden in Deutschland stark angestiegen. Der Anteil der Asylsuchenden aus Ländern mit eingeschränktem Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung und Impfungen ist erheblich. Durch die enge räumliche Situation in den Erstaufnahmeeinrichtungen besteht für Asylsuchende eine erhöhte Gefahr für Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beschreibt die aktuellen Empfehlungen für Impfungen gemäß des RKI und der STIKO.AbstractThe number of people seeking asylum in Germany has increased dramatically since 2014. Among asylum seekers, the proportion of people from countries with limited access to health care and immunization is considerable. Thus, there is a high probability of infectious disease outbreaks for asylum seekers in their accommodations due to close living conditions. This review article describes the current immunization guidelines in Germany according to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO).

Gender disparities in high-quality research revealed by Nature Index journals

Background The present study aims to elucidate the state of gender equality in high-quality research by analyzing the representation of female authorships in the last decade (from 2008 to 2016). Methods Based on the Gendermetrics platform, 293,557 research articles from 54 journals listed in the Nature Index were considered covering the categories Life Science, Multidisciplinary, Earth & Environmental and Chemistry. The core method was the combined analysis of the proportion of female authorships and the female-to-male odds ratio for first, co- and last authorships. The distribution of prestigious authorships was measured by the Prestige Index. Results 29.8% of all authorships and 33.1% of the first, 31.8% of the co- and 18.1% of the last authorships were held by women. The corresponding female-to-male odds ratio is 1.19 (CI: 1.18–1.20) for first, 1.35 (CI: 1.34–1.36) for co- and 0.47 (CI: 0.46–0.48) for last authorships. Women are underrepresented at prestigious authorships compared to men (Prestige Index = -0.42). The underrepresentation accentuates in highly competitive articles attracting the highest citation rates, namely, articles with many authors and articles that were published in highest-impact journals. More specifically, a large negative correlation between the 5-Year-Impact-Factor of a journal and the female representation at prestigious authorships was revealed (r(52) = -.63, P < .001). Women publish fewer articles compared to men (39.0% female authors are responsible for 29.8% of all authorships) and are underrepresented at productivity levels of more than 2 articles per author. Articles with female key authors are less frequently cited than articles with male key authors. The gender-specific differences in citation rates increase the more authors contribute to an article. Distinct differences at the journal, journal category, continent and country level were revealed. The prognosis for the next decades forecast a very slow harmonization of authorships odds between the two genders.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: analysis of the global research architecture using density equalizing mapping

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of female infertility worldwide. Although the related research output is constantly growing, no detailed global map of the scientific architecture has so far been created encompassing quantitative, qualitative, socioeconomic and gender aspects. We used the NewQIS platform to assess all PCOS-related publications indexed between 1900 and 2014 in the Web of Science, and applied density equalizing mapping projections, scientometric techniques and economic benchmarking procedures. A total of 6261 PCOS-specific publications and 703 international research collaborations were found. The USA was identified as the most active country in total and collaborative research activity. In the socioeconomic analysis, the USA was also ranked first (25.49 PCOS-related publications per gross domestic product [GDP]/capita), followed by the UK, Italy and Greece. When research activity was related to population size, Scandinavian countries and Greece were leading the field. For many highly productive countries, gender analysis revealed a high ratio of female scientists working on PCOS with the exception of Japan. In this study, we have created the first picture of global PCOS research, which largely differs from other gynaecologic conditions and indicates that most related research and collaborations originate from high-income countries.

Gendermetrics.NET: a novel software for analyzing the gender representation in scientific authoring

BackgroundImbalances in female career promotion are believed to be strong in the field of academic science. A primary parameter to analyze gender inequalities is the gender authoring in scientific publications. Since the presently available data on gender distribution is largely limited to underpowered studies, we here develop a new approach to analyze authors’ genders in large bibliometric databases.ResultsA SQL-Server based multiuser software suite was developed that serves as an integrative tool for analyzing bibliometric data with a special emphasis on gender and topographical analysis. The presented system allows seamless integration, inspection, modification, evaluation and visualization of bibliometric data. By providing an adaptive and almost fully automatic integration and analysis process, the inter-individual variability of analysis is kept at a low level. Depending on the scientific question, the system enables the user to perform a scientometric analysis including its visualization within a short period of time.ConclusionIn summary, a new software suite for analyzing gender representations in scientific articles was established. The system is suitable for the comparative analysis of scientific structures on the level of continents, countries, cities, city regions, institutions, research fields and journals.

Psychische Belastung unter Ärztinnen und Ärzten der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie

OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine work related distress in the specialty of psychiatry and psychotherapy. METHODS With an online survey based on validated stress theories distress prevalence and job satisfaction was examined. RESULTS 39.4 % (95 %-CI: 35.4 - 44.3) of all respondents (n = 508) showed signs of distress. At the same time 58.5 % (95 %-CI: 53.7 - 63.4) claimed to be satisfied with their job. CONCLUSION High job satisfaction paired with high distress prevalence can be a sign of a high intrinsic motivation among physicians in the specialty of psychiatry. To prevent this situation to become harmful to ones health, successful coping strategies have to be put in place.

Pancreatic Cancer-Critical Examination of the Global Research Architecture and Recent Scientific Developments.

Objectives Despite decades of effort, the 5-year overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains at only approximately 5%. Until now, no detailed knowledge regarding the worldwide research architecture of PC has yet been established. Methods Hence, we conducted this scientometric analysis to quantify the global research activity in this field. The total research productivity was screened and research output of countries, categories, individual institutions, authors, and their collaborative networks were analyzed by the new quality and quantity indices in science platform. Results were visualized via state-of-the-art density equalizing mapping projections. Results The results indicated that Japan, Germany, and the United States played a leading role regarding output activity, multilateral, and bilateral cooperations. Within the past decades, the topic PC has developed into a scientific field covering many subject areas. Recently published studies predict that the scientific progress will be mainly depending on international cooperations; we can confirm that development by now. Conclusions We conclude that the field of PC is constantly progressing in which the influence of international cooperations on the scientific progress is of increasing importance. Nevertheless, research in the field of PC still needs to be strengthened to reduce morbidity and mortality in the future.

World-wide research architecture of vitamin D research: density-equalizing mapping studies and socio-economic analysis

BackgroundDespite the numerous associations of vitamin D with health and disease, vitamin D deficiency is still common from a global perspective. While basic research, clinical and preventive activities grow constantly in vitamin D research, there is no in-depth analysis of the related global scientific productivity available so far.MethodsDensity equalizing mapping procedures (DEMP) were combined with socioeconomic benchmarks using the NewQIS platform.ResultsA total of 25,992 vitamin D-related research articles were identified between 1900 to 2014 with a significant increase (r2 = .6541) from 1900 to 2014. Authors located in Northern America – especially in the USA – distributed the majority of global vitamin D research, followed by their Western European counterparts. DEMP-analysis illustrates that Africa and South America exhibit only minor scientific productivity. Among high-income group countries, Scandinavian nations such as Denmark or Finland (2147.9 and 1607.7 vitamin D articles per GDP in 1000 billion USD) were highly active with regard to socioeconomic figures.ConclusionNetworks dedicated to vitamin D research are present around the world. Overall, the Northern American and Western European nations occupy prominent positions. However, South American, African and Asian countries apart from Japan only play a minor role in the global research production related to vitamin D. Since vitamin D deficiency is currently increasing in the Americas, Europe and parts of the Middle East, research in these regions may need to be encouraged.

Gendermetrics of cancer research: results from a global analysis on lung cancer

Background Cancer research is critically dependent on a continuous recruitment of junior research staff that devotes its academic life not only to clinical duties but also to basic and translational research. The present study aims to elucidate the success concerning gender equality in cancer research in the last decade (from 2008 to 2016) with lung cancer as the target parameter. Materials and Methods On the basis of the Gendermetrics Platform, a total of 19,724 articles related to lung cancer research were analyzed. The key method was the combined analysis of the proportion of female authorships and the female-to-male odds ratio for first, co- and last authorships. The distribution of prestigious authorships was measured by the Prestige Index. Results 31.3% of all authorships and 35.2% of the first, 32.2% of the co- and 22.1% of the last authorships were held by women. The corresponding female-to-male odds ratio is 1.22 (CI: 1.18–1.27) for first, 1.19 (CI: 1.16–1.23) for co- and 0.59 (CI: 0.57–0.61) for last authorships. Women are underrepresented at prestigious authorships compared to men (Prestige Index = −0.22). The female underrepresentation accentuates in articles with many authors that attract the highest citation rates. Conclusions While the current system promotes early career promotion of women, men still outnumber women in leadership positions. However, this male-female career dichotomy has been narrowed in the last decade and will likely be further reduced in the next decade.

Gender equality in academic research on epilepsy—a study on scientific authorships

The study aims to elucidate the state of gender equality in epilepsy research, analyzing the representation of female authorships from 2008 to 2016.

Der Tumormarker „neuronenspezifische Enolase“ (NSE)

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersicht zum Tumormarker „neuronenspezifische Enolase“ (NSE) als Vorläufer des Tumormarkers ProGRP („pro-gastrin-releasing peptide“) wird im Rahmen der Serie „Tumormarker“ des Zentralblatts für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie vorgestellt, die sich mit dem immer häufigeren Gebrauch der Bestimmung von spezifischen Markern bei sog. Manager-Vorsorgen und Check-up-Untersuchungen beschäftigt. NSE eignet sich grundsätzlich zur Therapie‑, Verlaufs- und Rezidivkontrolle des kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms und ist hier von großer Bedeutung, da dieser Biomarker die höchste Sensitivität und Spezifität zeigt. Er sollte jedoch nicht zur Frühdiagnostik eingesetzt werden, da der Tumor ans Bindegewebe angebunden sein muss, was bei der Frühdiagnostik meistens nicht der Fall ist.AbstractThe present article on the tumor marker “neuron-specific enolase” (NSE) is presented as a forerunner of the tumor marker ProGRP (pro-gastrin-releasing peptide) published in the series on tumor markers of the Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, which deals with the increasingly frequent use of the determination of specific markers in so-called manager preventive and check-up examinations. The NSE is basically suitable for therapy, course and recurrence control of small-cell lung cancer and is of great importance, because it shows the highest sensitivity and specificity; however, it should not be used for early diagnosis because the tumor must be bound to the connective tissue, which is usually not the case in early diagnostics.