N. Schöffel

Aktualisierung der Meningokokken-Impfempfehlung gemäß der STIKO

ZusammenfassungDie Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) empfiehlt für gesundheitlich gefährdete Personen mit angeborener oder erworbener Immundefizienz sowie anatomischer oder funktioneller Asplenie eine Impfung mit 4-valentem ACWY-Konjugatimpfstoff. Zugleich ist diese Impfung für Personen mit Haushaltskontakt zu einem Patienten mit einer invasiven Meningokokken-Erkrankung (IME) sowie für gefährdetes Laborpersonal empfohlen (d.xa0h. Arbeit mit dem Risiko der Bildung eines Neisseria-meningitidis-Aerosols). Seit Dezember 2013 ist in Deutschland zusätzlich ein Impfstoff gegen die Serogruppexa0B verfügbar, der 4CMenB-Impfstoff (Bexsero®). Die STIKO hat geprüft, ob diese Impfempfehlungen auch für diesen Impfstoff gelten sollen.AbstractThe German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommends immunization with quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY-conjugate vaccine for people with acquired or primary immunodeficiency, as well as for those with functional or anatomical asplenia. Immunization is furthermore recommended for people with direct contact to people with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and laboratory staff (i.e., threatened by work with possible exposure to droplets or aerosols containing Neisseria meningitides). Since 2013, a new vaccination against serogroupxa0B meningococcal disease (i.e., Bexsero®) is available in Germany. The STIKO examined whether the current immunization schedules on IMD may be used on Bexsero®.

Asylsuchende und Impfen

ZusammenfassungSeit 2014 ist die Zahl der Asylsuchenden in Deutschland stark angestiegen. Der Anteil der Asylsuchenden aus Ländern mit eingeschränktem Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung und Impfungen ist erheblich. Durch die enge räumliche Situation in den Erstaufnahmeeinrichtungen besteht für Asylsuchende eine erhöhte Gefahr für Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beschreibt die aktuellen Empfehlungen für Impfungen gemäß des RKI und der STIKO.AbstractThe number of people seeking asylum in Germany has increased dramatically since 2014. Among asylum seekers, the proportion of people from countries with limited access to health care and immunization is considerable. Thus, there is a high probability of infectious disease outbreaks for asylum seekers in their accommodations due to close living conditions. This review article describes the current immunization guidelines in Germany according to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO).

Kongenitale Toxoplasmose und Toxoplasma gondii

ZusammenfassungEine Infektion mit Toxoplasma gondii verläuft bei immunkompetenten Menschen meist symptomlos, kann jedoch im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft schwere Schädigungen beim Ungeborenen verursachen. Bei weniger als 10u2009% der betroffenen Neugeborenen manifestiert sich die kongenitale Toxoplasmose mit der klassischen Symptomtrias aus Hydrozephalus, Chorioretinitis und intrakraniellen Kalzifikationen. Die Mehrheit der Fälle zeigt keine oder unspezifische Symptome wie Krampfanfälle, Ikterus, Anämie oder Fieber. Aufgrund der meist uncharakteristischen mütterlichen Symptome wird eine frühe Diagnosestellung häufig erschwert. Die aktuell eingesetzten Medikamente Spiramycin, Pyrimethamin und Sulfadiazin stellen keine kurative Therapie dar, sind aber in der Lage, die Inzidenz der Erkrankung zu senken oder die Schädigung des Feten zu limitieren. Besonders wichtig ist die Aufklärung der Patientin zur Expositionsprophylaxe. Einfache Maßnahmen wie Händehygiene oder eine Vermeidung potenziell kontaminierter Lebensmittel reduzieren das Risiko einer mütterlichen Infektion auf ein Minimum.AbstractAn infection with Toxoplasma gondii mostly follows an asymptomatic course in immunocompetent individuals; however, when contracted in pregnancy or up to 6 months before, the parasite can cause serious sequelae in the unborn child. In less than 10u2009% of newborns, congenital toxoplasmosis is manifested as the classic triad of hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis and intracranial calcifications. In the majority of cases newborns show either no manifestations or unspecific findings, such as seizures, jaundice, anemia and fever. An early diagnosis in pregnancy is difficult as maternal symptoms are mostly unspecific. Drugs, such as spiramycin, pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine are currently the mainstay of therapy. They do not provide curative treatment but may decrease the incidence of the disease or limit the sequelae in the fetus. It is particularly important to educate patients about prophylaxis against exposure: simple measures, such as hand hygiene and avoiding potentially contaminated foods can help to reduce the risk of maternal infection to a minimum.

Maternal depression research: socioeconomic analysis and density-equalizing mapping of the global research architecture

Maternal depression can be accounted for one of the most common complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period affecting women all over the world. So far, no detailed map of the worldwide maternal depression research architecture has been constructed, which encompasses aspects of research activity, quality, and also socioeconomic features. Using the NewQIS platform, density-equalizing mapping projections, scientometric techniques, and economic benchmarking procedures were applied to evaluate global maternal depression research for the period between 1900 and 2012. In total, 7330 related publications and 3335 international collaborations were identified. The USA was the most active country concerning collaborations and total research activity. In the socioeconomic analysis of research activity in high-income countries, Australia was ranked first with an average of 412.05 maternal depression-related publications per 1000 billion US

Eine deskriptive Betrachtung der globalen Forschungslandschaft und der aktuellen Forschungsentwicklungen zum Thema Sarkoidose

GDP (Q1), followed by the UK (Q1u2009=u2009373.51) and Canada (Q1u2009=u2009306.32). The group of upper-middle-income countries was led by South Africa (Q1u2009=u2009145.67), followed by Turkey (Q1u2009=u200991.8). China authored 11.95 maternal depression-related publications per 1000 billion US

Gendermetrics.NET: a novel software for analyzing the gender representation in scientific authoring

GDP. The USA had the highest activity of maternal depression research per GDP in billion US

World-wide architecture of osteoporosis research: density-equalizing mapping studies and gender analysis

per capita (Q2u2009=u200960.86). When research activity was related to population size (Q3u2009=u2009publications per Mio. inhabitants), Australia (Q3u2009=u200926.44) was leading the field, followed by Norway (Q3u2009=u200918.48). Gender analysis revealed a relatively high degree of female scientists involved in this field of research with pronounced differences between single subject areas. In summary, we here present the first picture of the global scientific development in maternal depression research over a period of more than 100xa0years. The research landscape is clearly dominated by North American and Western European countries, with only minor contribution of Asian or South American countries.

Gender equality in academic research on epilepsy—a study on scientific authorships

AIMS AND SCOPEnSarcoidosis continues to be an underestimated disease that can cause severe morbidity and mortality in individuals. There has, however, been an increasing awareness of this disease as shown by the increasing number of publications since the 1990u200a s. The large number of available publications makes it challenging for a single scientist to provide an overview of the topic. To quantify the global research activity in this field, a scientometric investigation was conducted.nnnMATERIAL AND METHODSnThe total number of publications on sarcoidosis was determined in the Web of Science to obtain their bibliometric data for the period 1900-2008. According to the NewQIS-protocol, different visualisation techniques and scientometric methods were applied.nnnRESULTSnA total of 14,190 published items were evaluated. The U.S. takes a leading position in terms of the overall number of publications and collaborations. Prolific institutions and authors are of U.S.u200aorigin. Only a relatively small number of international co-operations were identified. The most intensive network is between the University of Colorado and the National Jewish Medical Research Center. Semenzato, G has the highest citation rate of all authors. The most productive co-operative author is du Bois, RM.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe scientific interest in the topic sarcoidosis is growing steadily. The influence of international co-operation on scientific progress in this area is of increasing importance.

Das Q-Fieber

BackgroundImbalances in female career promotion are believed to be strong in the field of academic science. A primary parameter to analyze gender inequalities is the gender authoring in scientific publications. Since the presently available data on gender distribution is largely limited to underpowered studies, we here develop a new approach to analyze authors’ genders in large bibliometric databases.ResultsA SQL-Server based multiuser software suite was developed that serves as an integrative tool for analyzing bibliometric data with a special emphasis on gender and topographical analysis. The presented system allows seamless integration, inspection, modification, evaluation and visualization of bibliometric data. By providing an adaptive and almost fully automatic integration and analysis process, the inter-individual variability of analysis is kept at a low level. Depending on the scientific question, the system enables the user to perform a scientometric analysis including its visualization within a short period of time.ConclusionIn summary, a new software suite for analyzing gender representations in scientific articles was established. The system is suitable for the comparative analysis of scientific structures on the level of continents, countries, cities, city regions, institutions, research fields and journals.

Nokardiose – Die humane Infektion mit Nokardien

Abstract Objective: While research activities on osteoporosis grow constantly, no concise description of the global research architecture exists. Hence, we aim to analyze and depict the world-wide scientific output on osteoporosis combining bibliometric tools, density-equalizing mapping projections and gender analysis. Method: Using the NewQIS platform, we analyzed all osteoporosis-related publications authored from 1900 to 2012 and indexed by the Web of Science. Bibliometric details were analyzed related to quantitative and semi-qualitative aspects. Results: The majority of 57 453 identified publications were original research articles. The USA and Western Europe dominated the field regarding cooperation activity, publication and citation performance. Asia, Africa and South America played a minimal role. Gender analysis revealed a dominance of male scientists in almost all countries except Brazil. Conclusion: Although the scientific performance on osteoporosis is increasing world-wide, a significant disparity in terms of research output was visible between developed and low-income countries. This finding is particularly concerning since epidemiologic evaluations of future osteoporosis prevalences predict enormous challenges for the health-care systems in low-resource countries. Hence, our study underscores the need to address these disparities by fostering future research endeavors in these nations with the aim to successfully prevent a growing global burden related to osteoporosis.