M. I. N. Isa

Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Methylcellulose: FT-IR and Ionic Conductivity Studies

Polymer electrolytes of methylcellulose (MC) as the polymer host and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as a dopant were prepared by the solution casting technique. Fourier Transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the complexation between the salt and polymer. The highest ionic conductivity value was found to be 6.40 × 10−7 Scm−1 at room temperature (303 K) for sample AF-18. The conductivity-temperature plots were found to follow Arrhenius behavior with the highest conductivity that gives low activation energy.

Structural and Electrical Properties of Carboxy Methylcellulose-Dodecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide-Based Biopolymer Electrolytes System

Biopolymer electrolyte films based on carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) complexed with dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) salt with compositions between 5 and 40 wt.% have been prepared using the solution cast method as a possible proton-conducting polymer electrolyte system. The polymer–salt complex formation and the polymer–proton interactions have been analyzed. Electrical properties have been measured as a function of composition and temperature using complex impedance spectroscopy and exhibited the highest room temperature conductivity of 10−4 Scm−1. A small polaron hopping (SPH) model has been found to be most appropriate for fitting the experimental conductivity data.

Electrical Characterization and Ionic Transport Properties of Carboxyl Methylcellulose-Oleic Acid Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes. From the impedance study, the highest ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes based on carboxyl methylcellulose as polymer host and oleic acid as the doping salt, prepared by the solution casting method at room temperature, σr.t, is 2.11 × 10−5 S cm−1 for the sample containing 20 wt.% of oleic acid. Transference number measurement was performed to correlate the diffusion phenomena to the conductivity behavior of carboxyl methylcellulose-oleic acid solid polymer electrolytes. From the transference number measurement study, the conduction species carrier of the cation (+) is higher than that of the anion (−). Thus, the results proved that the samples are proton-conducting solid polymer electrolytes.

Electrical Properties of Carboxyl Methylcellulose/Chitosan Dual-Blend Green Polymer Doped with Ammonium Bromide

This present work discusses dual-blend green polymer electrolyte (GPE)–based natural polymers, composed of carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS), created by introducing various compositions of ammonium bromide (NH4Br) as a dopant in the system. These GPEs were successfully prepared by the solution casting technique and characterized using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From EIS measurement, the highest room-temperature conductivity is 1.21 × 10−5 Scm−1 for the sample containing 20 wt.% of NH4Br. Plot of the temperature dependence of the GPEs revealed that the system obeys the Arrhenius rule and was thermally assisted. Besides that, dielectric studies were also conducted and the data were analyzed using complex permittivity, ϵ*, and complex electrical modulus, M*, to determine the sample with the highest conductivity value. Thus, this study confirmed non-Debye behavior in the sample.

Natural Polymer Electrolyte System Based on Sago: Structural and Transport Behavior Characteristics

The development of natural polymer electrolytes (NPEs) based on sago was accomplished in this work by incorporating NH4Br via the solution-casting method. The polymer-salt complex formation and ionic conduction of the NPEs were analyzed by FT-IR and impedance measurement studies. The highest ionic conductivity for the sago-based NPE system at room temperature is 6.90 × 10−9 Scm−1. In addition, the temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of the NPE system obeys the Arrhenius rule. It was shown that the conducting species in this present work is predominantly due to proton (H+), which was confirmed via FT-IR analysis.

Proton Conductor of Propylene Carbonate-Plasticized Carboxyl Methylcellulose-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by utilizing oleic acid (OA) and different wt.% of propylene carbonate (PC) by using the solution casting technique. An ionic conductivity study of the films was done by using impedance spectroscopy. The highest ionic conductivity gained is 2.52 × 10−7 S cm−1 at ambient temperature for sample CMC-OA-PC 10 wt.%. From transference number measurement (TNM), the value of cation diffusion coefficient, D+, and ionic mobility, μ+, was higher than the value of anion diffusion coefficient, D−, and ionic mobility, μ−. Thus, the results prove that the present samples were proton conductors.

Investigation of the Ionic Conduction Mechanism in Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan Biopolymer Blend Electrolyte Impregnated with Ammonium Nitrate

In the present work, an attempt has been made to prepare a new natural biopolymer blend electrolyte of carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan impregnated with NH4NO3 by the solution casting technique. The conductivity for the system was measured by impedance spectroscopy. The incorporation of 40 wt.% NH4NO3 optimized the ambient temperature conductivity of the electrolyte up to 1.03 × 10−5 S cm−1. All electrolytes were found to follow the Arrhenius relationship. Dielectric studies confirmed that the electrolytes obey non-Debye behavior. The temperature dependence of the power law exponent s for the highest conducting film can be represented by the correlated barrier hopping model.

Conductivity and Transport Properties Study of Plasticized Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Based Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes (SBE)

Solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBE) comprising carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with NH4Br-EC were prepared by solution casting method. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and sample containing 25wt. % of NH4Br exhibited the highest room temperature conductivity of 1.12 x 10-4 S/cm for salted CMC based SBE system. The ionic conductivity increased to 3.31 x 10-3 S/cm when 8 wt. % of ethylene carbonate (EC) was added to the highest conductivity. The conductivity-temperature of plasticized SBE system obeys the Arrhenius relation where the ionic conductivity increases with temperature. The influence of EC addition on unplasticized CMC based SBE was found to be dependent on the number and the mobility of the ions. This results revealed that the influence of plasticizer (EC) which was confirmed play the significant role in enhancement of ionic conductivity for SBE system.

Ionic Conduction Behavior of CMC Based Green Polymer Electrolytes

The present work deals with the findings on the ionic conduction behavior based on ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizer in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) – dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) for green polymer electrolytes (GPEs) that were prepared via solution casting technique. The highest ionic conductivity obtained for CMC-DTAB film was 7.72 x 10-4 S/cm and enhanced to 2.37 x 10-3 S/cm with addition 10wt. % of EC. The conductivity-temperature of GPEs system obeys the Arrhenius relation where the ionic conductivity increases with temperature. The temperature dependence of the power law exponent for plasticized CMC-DTAB based GPEs system follows the quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model for conduction mechanism.

Potential study of biopolymer-based carboxymethylcellulose electrolytes system for solid-state battery application

ABSTRACT This paper focused on study of potential biopolymer carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as electrolyte system for application in solid-state battery, which was prepared via solution casting technique. The highest conducting CMC biopolymer electrolytes (BE) was achieved at 1.12 × 10−4 Scm−1 with addition of 25 wt% NH4Br and was improved to 3.31 × 10−3 Scm−1 when plasticized with 8 wt% EC. The solid-state battery was assembled using both systems with the configuration Zn +ZnSO4.7H2O // highest conducting BE // MnO2 and showed promising performance at room temperature. This work implies that the possible practical application of the present biopolymer CMC as a new invention of electrolytes system in the fabrication of electrochemical devices. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT