M. İbrahim Bahtiyari

Dyeing of cotton with thyme and pomegranate peel

Application of natural dyes for textiles is increasing due to awareness of environment, ecology, and pollution control. The purpose of this study is to determine the color, antimicrobial, and fastness properties of cotton fabrics dyed with thyme and pomegranate peel without a mordanting process. In this way, it was planned to avoid use of metallic mordants (heavy-metal salts) and prevent heavy-metal pollution for ecological production. Additionally, a variety of the most commonly used mordants, namely potassium aluminum sulfate, copper(II) sulfate, iron(II) sulfate, and tin(II) chloride, were used for mordanting of cotton fabrics in order to compare the differently mordanted and unmordanted dyed fabrics’ color efficiencies (K/S) and CIE L*a*b* color values. It was found that mordant type had an effect on color efficiency and the color coordinates of fabrics dyed with both thyme and pomegranate fruit peel. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the fabrics only dyed directly with thyme and pomegranate peel without any mordanting process were determined to demonstrate the usability of these natural dye sources without use of any mordanting agents. The obtained antimicrobial activities were compared with undyed samples. Undyed samples showed no antimicrobial activity, whereas significant antimicrobial activity was obtained after the dyeing procedure using thyme and pomegranate peel on unmordanted fabrics. Washing, rubbing, perspiration, and lightfastness properties of dyed fabrics were also evaluated. Thyme and pomegranate fruit peel as natural dye sources revealed sufficient results even for unmordanted samples.

Pamuklu Kumaşların Ozon-Hidrojen Peroksit Kombinasyonu ile Ağartılması ve Doğal Boyalar ile Renklendirilmesi

Hidrojen peroksit ve ozon yukseltgen ozellikleri cok iyi bilinen iki onemli agartma maddesidir. Ozellikle de hidrojen peroksidin geleneksel tekstil on terbiye islemlerinde pamuklu kumaslarin beyazlatilmasinda agartma maddesi olarak kullanimi oldukca yaygindir. Geleneksel hidrojen peroksit agartma receteleri cesitli kimyasal maddeler icerirler ve iyi agartma etkileri ise genelde yuksek sicakliklarda ve/veya surelerde saglanabilir. Agartma isleminde yogun kimyasal kullanimi atik su yukunu arttirirken genellikle bu prosesler onemli miktarda enerji de tuketirler. Bu calismada, pamuklu kumaslarin on terbiyesi farkli hidrojen peroksit - ozon kombinasyonlari ile gerceklestirilmis ve agartilmis kumaslarin renklendirilmeleri secilen dogal boyarmadde kaynaklari ile saglanmistir. Sonuc olarak ozon-hidrojen peroksit kombinasyonunun pamuklu kumaslarin agartilmasinda alternatif olabilecegi ve secilmis dogal boya kaynaklarinin pamuklu kumaslarin renklendirilmesinde kullanilabilecegi gozlemlenmistir.

Dyeing of Casein Fibers with Onion Skin-Based Natural Dye Sources after Ozonation

ABSTRACT The textile industry tries to provide different opportunities to its customers. Because of this, novel technologies in textile finishing and the use of different fibers have great importance for the textile industry. In this respect, the use of casein fiber is of interest to both manufacturers and consumers. In this study, casein-based fabrics were pretreated by means of ozone gas. The fibers themselves are clean but have low whiteness degrees. Therefore, the fabrics were bleached by means of ozone gas but limited increases in whiteness degrees were obtained. After the bleaching process, a natural dye source, namely “onion skins,” was used for the coloration of the fabrics. The dried and milled onion skin was directly added to the dyeing bath as a kind of natural dyestuff without undergoing any extraction process beforehand. In this way, it was aimed to show the usability of a vegetable waste and, at the same time, to combine ecologic processing-dyeing with casein finishing. It was observed that with the use of onion skin, the coloration of the casein fiber can be managed easily.

Çeşitli Bitkisel Kaynaklarla Yünlü Kumaşların Renklendirilmesi

Cesitli bitkisel kaynaklarin boyamada kullanilmasi oldukca eski tarihlere dayanmasina ragmen gunumuzde ortaya cikan yeni yaklasimlarla beraber dogal boyamaciligin tekrar gundeme geldigi gorulmektedir. Bu calismada yunlu kumaslar nar kabugu, kokboya ve havaciva bitkisinin koku ile ekstraksiyon islemi yapilmadan boyanmislardir. Bu esnada birlikte mordan yontemine gore mordanli ve mordansiz boyama islemleri gerceklestirilmistir. Sonuc olarak, dogal boya kaynaginin ve konsantrasyonunun ve mordan maddesinin turunun renk tonlari ve hasliklari uzerinde belirgin etkileri oldugu gozlenmistir. Bunun yaninda secilen farkli dogal boyarmadde kaynaklarinin ve farkli mordan maddelerinin hangi renkleri verebilecegi ve bu islemler sonucunda hasliklarin nasil etkilenebilecegi yapilan bu calismayla ortaya konulmustur.

Combination of Dyeing Method and Ozone After-Treatment to Apply Natural Dyes on to Cotton Fabrics

ABSTRACT The textile industry has an important place in global marketing and trade. Both production and consumption of cotton and cotton-based materials were also considerably important. Until now, the essential term for the textile industry can be summarized as product diversity. However, today, in addition, the demand for natural and organic products has been in an increasing trend. In this respect, the use of natural dyes has become popular again. However, the need to use mordants, especially metal salts, is the most important dilemma in terms of natural production. This study was aimed to show the usability of ozone gas with natural dyeing and to introduce an alternative production that avoids use of mordants. It was observed that different ozone gas applications can be used to obtain color diversity from the same natural dye source, which at present is achieved by using different mordants. On the other hand, for the tested dyes, different fastnesses were analyzed in terms of the effect of ozone gas treatment style and different mordants. It was found that in general the tested natural dyes have good fastness values except for light fastnesses. The use of ozone gas only improved the wet rubbing fastness values when ozone gas was applied directly to the wet dyed sample. For other fastnesses, ozone did not show any significant effect.