M. R. Ahmad

An improved usage allocation method for deregulated transmission systems

This paper suggests an improved method for usage allocation to individual generators in a deregulated power system. Based on solved load flow, the method converts power injections and line flows into real and imaginary current injections and flows. These currents are then represented independently as real and imaginary current networks. Since current networks are acyclic lossless networks, proportional sharing principle and graph theory is used to trace the relationship between current sources and current sinks. The contributions from each current source are finally translated into power contributions to each load, line flows and losses. IEEE 14-bus test system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Comparison of the results with previous methods is also given

Fault analysis on double three-phase to six-phase converted transmission line

High phase order transmission system is being considered a viable alternative for increasing the power transmission capability of overhead electric power transmission over existing right-of-way. This paper presents the faults analysis of six-phase transmission system. In this context, fault analysis has been conducted on the Goudey-Oakdale 2-bus test system. The results of these investigations are presented in the form of typical time responses. The PSCAD/EMTDC is used for the simulation studies

Distributed generation sizing and placement using computational intelligence

Distributed Generation (DG) has gained increasing popularity as a viable element of electric power systems. DG as a small scale generation sources located at or near load center is usually deployed within the distribution system. Presence of DG has many positive impacts such as reducing transmission and distribution network congestion, differing costly upgrades, and improving the overall system performance by reducing power losses and enhancing voltage profiles. To achieve these positive impacts from DG installation, the DG has to be optimally placed and sized. This paper presents a technique for DG location and sizing using an computational intelligence based on Evolutionary Programming (EP). The objective of this paper is to minimize the power losses which will also monitor the voltage profile at all the buses. The proposed technique was tested on the IEEE 69 bus radial distribution system. The results obtained by the presented technique are compared with the other technique namely Artificial Immune System (AIS).

Transient Stability Analysis of Power System with Six-Phase Converted Transmission Line

Enhanced power transfer capability through a six-phase converted transmission system is becoming an area of growing interest in the power system industry. However, this conversion will have an impact on the system stability. In this paper, the transient stability of a 4-bus, 2 generators test system is investigated in time domain considering conversion of three-phase double-circuit to the six-phase single-circuit transmission system. The paper presents also comparisons between critical clearing times for both three and six-phase cases. All types of fault on the middle of transmission line are simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. From the simulation results, it has been shown that the 4-bus, 2 generators test system with six-phase single-circuit transmission has a better stability limits compare to the three-phase double-circuit transmission.

Profit determination for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation in smart grid environment

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation has gained immense popularity in the smart grid environment. Furthermore V2G could offer various ancillary services to the power grid. Frequency regulation is one of the ancillary services which offer highest profit to vehicle owner once participated in regulated market. This paper presents the maximum profit for the vehicle owner who participates in the V2G operation by considering the market prices and user constraints. The profits are calculated based on Regulation Market Clearing Price (RMCP) and Locational Marginal Price (LMP). Since the data pattern for LMP and RCMP are similar throughout the week, the day-ahead price model is used to calculate time and duration of charging activity while maximizing the profit to the vehicle owner through frequency regulation. Results from the study indicated that charging sequence have significant impact on the profit function while meeting the required State-of-Charge (SOC).

Optimal charging strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle using evolutionary algorithm

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) has gained immense popularity ever since it offers many advantages as compared to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. One millions of PHEVs are estimated to be in the USA market by 2015. Uncoordinated PHEV charging will cause significant impacts to the power grid; i.e. lines and transformers overload and voltage drops. Appropriate charging methods should be used to minimize the impacts of PHEV charging activities and at the same time minimize daily charging cost. This paper presents methods used to charge the PHEV battery namely price-based charging, load-based charging and SOC-based charging. Evolutionary programming (EP) is then used to optimize the charging rate and SOC thus minimizing the charging cost. Charging cost is calculated based on real time electricity price i.e. Locational Marginal Price (LMP). Since the data pattern for LMP is similar throughout the week, the day-ahead price model is used to calculate charging cost. Results from the study indicated that charging strategies used produces different impacts to the grid. Moreover charging cost may vary from one method to another. Optimization of charging rate and SOC hence minimized charging cost is done by EP.

Economic load dispatch with valve-point loading effect by using Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony optimization technique

Economic load dispatch is conducted by the utilities in order to determine the best generation level at the most feasible operating cost. In order to guarantee satisfying energy delivery to the consumer, a precise calculation of generation level is required. In order to achieve accurate and practical solution, several considerations such as prohibited operating zones, valve-point effect and ramp-rate limit need to be taken into account. However, these considerations cause the optimization to become complex and difficult to solve. This research focuses on the valve-point effect that causes ripple in the fuel-cost curve. This paper also proposes Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization (DEIANT) in solving economic load dispatch problem with valve-point effect. Comparative studies involving DEIANT, EP and ACO are conducted on IEEE 30-Bus RTS for performance assessments. Results indicate that DEIANT is superior to the other compared methods in terms of calculating lower operating cost and power loss.

Modern control of electrical consumption system using wireless, reader designed algorithm

Embedded systems are becoming an essential part of engineering design process for efficient analysis and effective operation. From data analysis to hardware work, everywhere embedded products are the main interest because of its reliability and time bound perfection. This reliability led the researchers to design application in power system monitoring; a recent approach is smart meter, called as a back bone in peak energy management process. The use of this designed algorithm is to control peak load and shifting of valley load to synthesize an electricity management system for electrical suppliers in low economy countries. The system consists of intelligent measuring and monitoring device linked with the master controller via wireless network. The system is expected to be proven as affective for data analysis in more scientific way and a helpful for user to save their daily consumption price as well.

Index-based placement and distributed generation sizing based on heuristic search

Transmission loss, voltage regulation and voltage drop are three main issues in distribution system. In recent years, distributed generations (DG) installation approaches have been addressed widely in many parts of the world. Depending on their operating characteristics and location, DG can significantly affect the power losses and voltage profile in distribution system. Thus, prior to the installation of DG into a system, offline study is a priori so that under-compensation and over-compensation can be avoided. This paper presents a method for DG placement based on a voltage stability index, while its sizing is optimally identified using an optimization technique in order to minimize power losses in the distribution system. The proposed technique was tested on an IEEE 10 radial distribution system. As for the DG sizing, an optimization technique based on approximate method (AM) is used and indicated promising results.

Solving Emission Dispatch Problem with Multiple Fuel Option by Using Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization Technique

Emission dispatching is conducted to calculate the lowest amount of emission while generating satisfying output to the load demand. The utilities are restricted by emission regulation that limits the emission level to a certain amount. This paper proposes emission dispatch with multiple fuel option (EDMFO) to determine the optimal emission level. The EDMFO allows the operators to select different type of fuel according to the generation level and requirement. The emission dispatch problem is optimized by using Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization (DEIANT) technique. Validation process is conducted by comparing DEIANT with several optimization approaches including ACO and EP. The comparison took places in IEE 57-Bus RTS. Results indicate that DEIANT is superior in terms of calculating the lowest emission level, lower operating cost and the best selection of fuel according to the generation requirement.