Mabio Chrisley Lacerda

Coleópteros coletados com armadilhas luminosas em plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla na região amazônica brasileira.

The objective of this research was to study population fluctuation of Coleoptera species in a Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in the Municipality of Almerin, State of Para, Brazil. Insects were collected with light traps during one night every fifteen days from September 1995 to August 1996. They were identified based on entomological collections and specialized literature and divided in groups identified at species (INE) or family levels (INF). A total of 132 species of the Coleoptera order was collected, being 23 identified at species and 109 at family levels with 2.972 and 7,187 individuals, respectively. Anomala sp.1, Leucothireus sp. (Scarabaeidae) and Ciclocephala lamminata (Dynastidae) were the most abundant ones with 93.4% of individuals of the first group. Carabidae presented the highest number of individuals (6411) and species (31) for those insects identified at family level. Individuals of Coleoptera were trapped in all collections but with largest number of individuals of this order in January 1996.

Glyphosate-based herbicides toxicity on life history parameters of zoophytophagous Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

The increase of agricultural areas with glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, and use of this herbicide in Brazil, makes necessary to assess its impacts on non-target organisms. The objective was to evaluate the development, reproduction and life table parameters of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) reared on GR-soybean plants treated with glyphosate formulations (Zapp-Qi, Roundup-Transorb-R and Roundup-Original) at the recommended field dose (720g acid equivalent ha-1). Glyphosate formulations had no affect on nymph and adult weight of this predator. Fourth instar stage was shortest with Zapp Qi. Egg-adult period was similar between treatments (26 days) with a survival over 90%. Zapp-Qi and Roundup-Transorb-R (potassium-salt: K-salt) reduced the egg, posture and nymph number per female, and the longevity and oviposition periods of this predator. Podisus nigrispinus net reproductive rate was highest in GR-soybean plants treated with Roundup-Original (isopropylamine-salt: IPA-salt). However, the duration of one generation, intrinsic and finite increase rates, and time to duplicate the population, were similar between treatments. Glyphosate toxicity on P. nigrispinus depends of the glyphosate salt type. IPA-salt was least harmless to this predator. Formulations based on K-salt altered its reproductive parameters, however, the development and population dynamic were not affect. Therefore, these glyphosate formulations are compatible with the predator P. nigrispinus with GR-soybean crop.

Side-effects of pesticides on the generalist endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

New plant protection strategies focus on minimizing chemical pesticide use and increasing their compatibility with biological control agents. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of glyphosate, diflubenzuron, malathion, tebuconazole and triflumuron (at 720, 45, 400, 150 and 20 g ai ha−1, respectively), pesticides authorized for soybean crops in Brazil, on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The emergence and female numbers produced per P. elaeisis female were higher in A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed an artificial diet treated with glyphosate. However, emergence was lower than 50% when the caterpillars were fed on soybean leaves treated with glyphosate offered ad libitum (3–5 times). Palmistichus elaeisis died before parasiting A. gemmatalis pupae treated with malathion. Diflubenzuron reduced the P. elaesis sex ratio in the second generation. Tebuconazole and triflumuron did not cause side-effects on this parasitoid. A continuous exposure to glyphosate by the host may lead to side-effects on P. elaeisis emergence, but its moderate use is acceptable for this parasitoid. Diflubenzuron had severe transgenerational side-effects. Tebuconazole fungicide and triflumuron insecticide are compatible with P. elaeisis in sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) programs, while malathion can not be included in them.

Espaçamento e adubação nitrogenada afetando o desenvolvimento do arroz de terras altas sob plantio direto

Rice grain yield is the result of the interaction between the environment and cultivar. Among the factors that influence this productivity is the arrangement of plants in the field and nitrogen fertilizer. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of row spacing and nitrogen fertilization on plant height and lodging, yield components, grain yield and quality of upland rice crop grown in a no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted during the growing season 2010/2011 under field conditions in Selviria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a factorial 2 x 4 with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of row spacing (0.35 and 0.50 m) with the N rates applied at sowing (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1). The lower row spacing provided less height of rice plants, higher number of panicles m-2and spikelet fertility and consequently higher grain yield of rice. The increased rates of N in the sowing provided greater height and lodging of rice plants leading to reduced crop productivity and hectoliter mass of grains. Row spacing and nitrogen do not affect grain quality of rice.

Atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo impactado por cultivos sucessivos de arroz

A produtividade do arroz de terras altas sofre queda acentuada quando ele e cultivado durante dois ou mais anos, na mesma area. Este trabalho objetivou determinar quais atributos de um Latossolo Vermelho de Cerrado sao mais impactados por cultivos sucessivos de arroz. Em fevereiro de 2011foram retiradas, em Santo Antonio de Goias, GO, amostras de solo na camada de 0-0,10 m de tres areas cultivadas, respectivamente, por um, dois e tres anos, com arroz em semeadura direta e de uma mata proxima para determinacao de atributos fisicos, quimicos e biologicos do solo. Aplicaram-se tecnicas de analise multivariada aos dados obtidos. Os cultivos de arroz provocaram alteracoes em todos os atributos fisicos e na maioria dos atributos quimicos e biologicos do solo, quando comparados aos da mata. Os teores de K, Cu e Mn, os quocientes metabolico e microbiano (qmic) e a relacao N da biomassa microbiana:N total (NBM:N) foram responsaveis por discriminar as areas de cultivo sucessivo de arroz. Quanto mais anos de cultivos sucessivos de arroz mais as condicoes do solo diferiram das do solo original da mata. O quociente metabolico aumentou com os anos de cultivo de arroz indicando aumento da condicao de estresse ou disturbio na microbiota do solo.

Resistance of rice varieties to Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae), is one of the worlds most important food crops. Among the insects that damage rice grains, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important species. The objective of this study was to identify rice varieties with resistance to S. oryzae as measured by grain feeding damage and S. oryzae reproduction. The rice varieties evaluated were obtained from the germplasm bank of the National Center of Research Rice and Beans, Embrapa, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 replications and 22 treatments (varieties). The varieties Bonança, Esmeralda, and Rio Verde had the antibiosis and/or antixenosis type of resistance, providing high rates of mortality, low rates of adult emergence, and low rates of grain consumption by S. oryzae. The varieties Pepita and Progresso were susceptible, with a high rate of S. oryzae adult emergence and grain consumption. The presence or absence of a fissure in the grain was a major morphological characteristic determining susceptibility or resistance to S. oryzae in rice varieties.

Tratamento de sementes, compactação do solo e manejo de nitrogênio afetam o arroz de terras altas

1. Manuscript received in Nov./2015 and accepted for publication in Mar./2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4638428). 2. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão), Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. E-mails: veneraldo.pinheiro@embrapa.br, adriano.nascente@embrapa.br, luis.stone@embrapa.br, mabio.larcerda@embrapa.br. Water availability for cultivation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is decreasing worldwide. Therefore, new technologies are needed to grow rice under aerobic conditions, in order to produce rice grains without yield losses and with lower water consumption. This study aimed at determining the best combination of management options for producing upland rice. A randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme, was used. The treatments consisted of a combination of five rice cultivars (BRS Caçula, BRS Serra Dourada, BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja and BRS Esmeralda) with two compaction pressures in the seed furrow (25 kPa or 126 kPa), two types of seed treatment (with or without pesticide) and two types of N management (all at sowing or all at topdressing). Applying N at sowing instead of at topdressing produced higher grain yield in the no-tillage system (NTS). Under this system, upland rice genotypes show higher grain yield with higher compaction pressure. Seed treatment with pesticide provided greater grain yield for the BRS Sertaneja, in NTS, and for all genotypes in the conventional tillage system (CTS). BRS Esmeralda, in NTS, and BRS Esmeralda and BRS Primavera, in CTS, were the most productive genotypes. Moreover, in NTS, the application of N at sowing and the compaction pressure on the seed furrow are important for increasing upland rice grain yield. In CTS, seed treatment is important to improve upland rice grain yield.