Maciej Woropay

Assessment of the Level of Undesirable Actions of People Involved in Road Transport Systems and their Environments.

Assessment of the Level of Undesirable Actions of People Involved in Road Transport Systems and their Environments. Road transport systems are socio-technical systems of the type Human - Technical object- Environment . In these systems hazards can be caused by: the man C, the technical object OT, and influence of the environment on the technical object and people who are present in the system and its environment. The authors of the paper make an attempt to evaluate the level of threats resulting from intended or not intended actions of people situated in this environment. Ocena Poziomu Niepożądanych Oddziaływań Ludzi Usytuowanych W Systemach Transportu Drogowego I Ich Otoczeniu. Systemy transportu drogowego są systemami socjotechnicznymi typu Człowiek — Obiekt Techniczny — Otoczenie . W systemach tych zagrożenia mogą być stwarzane przez: człowieka C, obiekt techniczny OT oraz przez oddziaływanie otoczenia O na obiekt techniczny i ludzi znajdujących się w systemie oraz w jego otoczeniu. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny poziomu zagrożeń wynikających z zamierzonych lub niezamierzonych działań ludzi usytuowanych systemach transportu drogowego oraz ich otoczeniu.

Assessment of the Impact of Human on Safety of Transportation Systems Operation / Ocena Wpływu Oddziaływań Człowieka Na Bezpieczeństwo Działania Systemu Transportowego

Abstract Collisions are inseparably connected with road traffic. Driving a mechanical vehicle requires not only a good knowledge of traffic rules and appropriate skills but also physical and psychical fitness. The road system consists of three basic elements such as: road, vehicle and human. From the point of view of safety of the executed transport process this is the human who plays the most important role in it. They need to have the ability of quick situation estimation and providing proper response to it involving performance of right maneuvers and adjusting them to a given situation. Studying transportation systems it should be remembered that the role of a human plays in them is of different character. They may be drivers, passengers or belong to the environment. Thus, their behavior has a large influence on the transportation system safe functioning including both public and individual transport. Streszczenie Nieodłącznym elementem ruchu drogowego są wypadki. Prowadzenie pojazdu samochodowego wymaga od operatora nie tylko wiedzy i umiejętności ale także sprawności fizycznej i psychicznej. Na system drogowy składają się trzy podstawowe elementy, takie jak droga, pojazd oraz człowiek. Z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa realizowanego procesu transportowego najistotniejszą role odgrywa właśnie człowiek. Musi on posiadać umiejętność właściwej oceny sytuacji, wykonywania prawidłowych manewrów i dostosowywania ich do aktualnej sytuacji. Analizując systemy transportowe, należy mieć na uwadze, że człowiek, pełni w nich różne funkcje. Może być zarówno kierowcą środka transportu, jak też jego pasażerem lub stanowić nieodzowny elementem otoczenia systemów transportowych. Jego zachowanie w istotny sposób wpływa zarówno na bezpieczeństwo transportu indywidualnego jak i zbiorowego

Method for assessment and control of availability of executive subsystem of a transportation system

In this work, a method for assessment and control of availability of executive subsystem consisting of elementary subsystems of the type has been presented. The goal of the executive subsystem is to perform the assigned transport tasks over set routes, with a given frequency, according to a set schedule. A proper accomplishment of the transport task is possible only if the required number of technical objects (transport means) is prepared to perform the assigned task in a given time. Among many significant criteria used for assessment of a transport system operation there is one of special importance that is availability of the executive subsystem to perform the assigned tasks. Availability of the executive system to perform the assigned tasks depends on availability of particular technical objects (transport means) used in the system of transportation and their number. On the basis of the above statement, it can be said that control of the executive subsystem availability can be carried out both by selecting technical objects with the required availability and matching the required number of the objects which are to be used in the system in order to ensure proper accomplishment of the transport tasks. In this work there has been discussed a method for determination of the required availability of a single object as well as the required number of technical objects indispensable to perform appropriately the assigned transport task, on the basis of the transportation system availability assessment. Availability of the transportation system is determined on the basis of a mathematical model of the operation and maintenance process of technical objects, in the studied transportation system. Exemplary results have been presented on the basis of experimental data, obtained from the tests carried out in a real operation and maintenance system of transport means.

Road transport systems safety criteria

Identification of boundary values and features which describe a system operation safety is a crucial problem for assessment of the system operation safety. In this article, an attempt to match features necessary for a description of a given system operation safety and determine their boundary values, has been made. Determination of boundary values of safety features will allow to evaluate the system safety level. The following variables have been accepted as safety features: the number of accidents, the number of fatalities, and the number of people injured in those accidents. According to these values, probability values of the numbers of people who were killed and who were injured in those accidents have been established. Probability value equal to zero has been accepted as the intentional state, the interval between 0 and the mean value of a given feature determines the acceptable state, the interval between the mean value of a given feature probability and value 0.1 determines the boundary state, whereas all features assuming values higher than 0.1 refer to the system critical state. The presented research results are considered as directives for development of safety criteria for road transport systems and determination of their critical values. The proposed method of boundary values determination can be used for assessment of safety for different transport systems.

Use of Analtic Hierarchy Process for Assessment of Transport System Operation Safety

Transport systems are socio-technical systems in which accomplishment of a direct task is the responsibility of an executive subsystem made up of elementary subsystems of the type—technical object (operator–transport means) carrying out tasks within the system surroundings. Due to the presence of people in the transport system, the most significant criterion for the assessment of carried out rides is their safety. The safety level of carried out transport tasks is affected by threats posed by forcing factors which have an influence on the elementary executive system. These factors can be divided into: (1) operational; (2) external; and (3) antropotechnical. Due to the complex nature of the analyzed systems, the authors of the paper have made an attempt to evaluate the influence of these factors on the system operational safety.Transport systems are socio-technical systems in which accomplishment of a direct task is the responsibility of an executive subsystem made up of elementary subsystems of the type—technical object (operator–transport means) carrying out tasks within the system surroundings. Due to the presence of people in the transport system, the most significant criterion for the assessment of carried out rides is their safety. The safety level of carried out transport tasks is affected by threats posed by forcing factors which have an influence on the elementary executive system. These factors can be divided into: (1) operational; (2) external; and (3) antropotechnical. Due to the complex nature of the analyzed systems, the authors of the paper have made an attempt to evaluate the influence of these factors on the system operational safety.

Markov Model of the Transport Devices Exploitation Process

Markov Model of the Transport Devices Exploitation Process The article presents the model of transport means operation and maintenance process, realized within a system of urban bus transport. On the basis of identification of the investigated system and the realized in it process, a mathematical model of the operation and ensuring efficiency processes was built, assuming that models of these processes are homogenous Markov processes. On this bases an analysis of the considered controlled process had been made. All the considerations are presented on the example of a chosen real system of operation and maintenance of means of transport. Markowski Model Procesu Eksploatacji Środków Transportu W artykule przedstawiono model procesu eksploatacji środków transportu realizowanego w systemie autobusowego transportu miejskiego. Na podstawie identyfikacji badanego systemu i realizowanego w nim procesu zbudowano matematyczny model procesu użytkowania oraz procesu zapewniania zdatności środków transportu, zakładając, że modelami tych procesów są jednorodne procesy Markowa. Na tej podstawie dokonano analizy rozpatrywanego procesu sterowanego. Całość rozważań przedstawiono na przykładzie wybranego rzeczywistego systemu eksploatacji środków transportu.

Implementation of Modular Trucks into Road Transport

Abstract In this article, an analysis of modular truck application in the road transport in Poland has been made. Terminology has been unified. Classification and law regulations applicable in different European countries and all over the world have been discussed. An analysis of existing solutions has been made and an optimal variant for road freight transport, including the condition and parameters of the road infrastructure in Poland, has been proposed. The study presents initial conceptual assumptions of this project as well as advisability of using these modular trucks, on the basis of a selected research object – the analyzed transport company. On this example, an analysis of costs and potential profits to be generated from transport services performed using the proposed modular trucks and with reference to costs borne by the investigated company with the use of currently operated transport means, has been made.

Method of Determining the Required Number of Technical Backup Area Posts

Abstract In complex operation systems, the processes of rendering technical objects roadworthy are carried out at specifically designed technical backup area posts. The article presents the method of defining the number of technical backup area posts required for appropriate functioning of assigned service and repair task. Then typical calculation results are presented in charts prepared on the basis of data obtained from tests at existing transport means operation system. The presented method makes it possible to analogically determine the minimum required number of posts for carrying out the assigned service and repair task for both a subsystem comprised of a group of units a given group of posts or an individual post in traffic maintenance and intervention subsystems.

Influence of Malfunctions of Selected Bus Subsystems on Bus Transportation Safety

Abstract This article introduces division of transport systems into land transport systems (road and rail) as well as land and water transport systems (inland and sea), depending on the type of environment in which these systems carry out their tasks. Such systems comprise the class of social engineering systems of the Man – Technological Object – Environment (M – TO – E) type. Such systems are influenced by forcing factors, leading to changes in their condition. Such factors may be divided into operational, external and anthropotechnical and they cause the degradation of the system on various levels, including a decrease of the degree of its safety. The article attempts to evaluate the safety of the operation of transport systems on the basis of the evaluation of the safety of the transport process carried out over a defined time interval Δt. The evaluation of the safety of the implemented transport process was prepared on the basis of a set of calculated index values determined depending on the type of transport.

Assessment of the Influence of the Human Factor on Safety of the Transportation Process / Ocena Wpływu Czynnika Ludzkiego Na Bezpieczeństwo Procesu Transportowego

Abstract Safety of the transport process is a criterion of top priority for a transportation system operation and maintenance. It is of special importance in case of public municipal transportation. Systems of this type operate in specific road conditions: increased intensity of traffic during a day and night, a big number of pedestrians as well as drivers of other vehicles. In such conditions the human factor and its impact on the transport system operation is of key importance. A human can be involved in the transportation system as a driver, passenger, pedestrian, or in another way (cyclist, motorcyclist). Improper behavior of people account for 36% - 46% of road accident causes defined as undesirable events occurred within the space of the road. In this paper there has been mad an attempt to evaluate the transportation system from the point of view of people present in the transportation system and its environment. Streszczenie Bezpieczeństwo realizowanego procesu transportowego jest priorytetowym kryterium działania systemów transportowych. Szczególnie ważne jest to w przypadku systemów zbiorowego transportu miejskiego. Systemy tego typu podlegają szczególnym warunkom ruchu: wzmożone natężenie ruchu w ciągu doby, duża liczba pieszych uczestników ruchu drogowego jak również kierowców pojazdów obcych. W takich warunkach szczególnie istotnym jest czynnik ludzki i jego oddziaływania na system transportowy. Człowiek w systemie transportowym usytuowany może być jako kierowca pojazdu, jego pasażer, pieszy w otoczeniu lub inny uczestnik ruchu (rowerzysta, motocyklista). Niewłaściwe oddziaływania ludzi stanowią 36% a 46% przyczynę powstawania zdarzeń drogowych definiowanych jako zdarzenia niepożądane zaistniałe w obszarze przestrzeni drogowej. W pracy podjęto próbę oceny systemu transportowego z punktu widzenia działań ludzi usytuowanych w systemie i jego otoczeniu.