Magda Stroinska

Language and Totalitarian Regimes

The communist misappropriation of words for political purposes still makes people in Eastern Europe struggle to find unambiguous language of political and economic thought. This paper discusses the problem of language that distorts reality and focuses on traps that hinder communication between people from the West and people from the post-communist Eastern Europe.

Exile, language and identity

Originaltext vom Verlag; nicht vom SfBS bearbeitet. Die S. 127, 192 und 193 sind nochmal als extra Datei vorhanden.

Systems of self-reference and address forms in intellectual discourse

Abstract This paper investigates politeness employed by authors of intellectual discourse to make reference to themselves as well as the means used to address the audience (the listener or the reader). We consider the system of reference in intellectual discourse both as a direct result of the rhetoric of science and as a display in terms of power and solidarity. We then discuss the reference systems used in intellectual discourse in a number of languages, identifying the differences and potential source of interferences in this area.

Is Autobiographical Writing a Historical Document?: The Impact of Self-Censorship on Life Narratives

Self-censorship is the act of censoring ones own written or spoken words, usually out of fear of punishment or loss of face but sometimes also out of respect for the feelings of others. Self-censorship is usually related to public discourse—whether in literature, the visual arts or in the media—but it may infiltrate private discourse if the speaker has internalised the rules of what can be said and what should remain unsaid. In this chapter, we analyse the linguistic mechanisms of self-censorship in the context of the autobiographical writings of Andrzej Czcibor-Piotrowski (1931–2014). The self-censorship can be traced to the political system in works published prior to 1989 but a different justification is required for the novels published after 1989 when there was more freedom of expression in Poland. We believe that the explanation can be traced to the trauma experienced in childhood and the inability to disclose true memories, even some 70 years later. This finding challenges somewhat the concept of the documentary value of life writings from periods of historical terror.

The Polish Language Act: Legislating a Complicated Linguistic-Political Landscape

Looks at the complex political and linguistic landscape in which the Act on the Polish Language was drafted and legislated. It also attempts to place it in the very particular historical context of partitions and foreign occupation that made Polish a forbidden language “whose protection became a sacred patriotic duty for several generations of Poles.” This protectionist attitude is reexamined in the context of European Union integration and the political and social challenges faced by Poland today. The controversy surrounding the Act is also discussed. The chapter also clarifies certain terms central to the book’s subject matter, such as standard language, national language and official language (Relevant Concepts section).

Keep the conversations going! Gricean maxims in the Old age

T BC3H1 smooth muscle cells of mice brain, the study was carried out membrane binding. This is important in relation to the activity of membrane proteins because losing the activity of such systems will ultimately lead to malfunction or death of the cell. The interactions of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and Serum Amyloid A protofibrils with BC3H1 cells of the mouse are dealt with in detail to study the binding of SAA protofibrils in various conditions. The FACScan and MTT assay results have shown the SAA and SAA fibrils binding and cell toxicity with the BC3H1 cells with different concentrations of Serum amyloid P component and Amyloid enhancing factor. Specifically, cells were incubated with 1.25-6.25 μM SAA-FITC and SAA protofibrils-FITC assayed. The 50% viable BC3H1 cells at 4-6 μM with an LD50 of 3.5 μM. The interaction of serum amyloid A fibrils with a cell surface binding site/receptor might alter the local environment to cause cellular dysfunction and to be more favorable for amyloid formation. The RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) a polyvalent receptor in the immunoglobulin super family has been implicated in binding with the isoform of SAA (SAA1.1) which has the highest fibirillogenic property. The present study concludes the SAA fibrils more binding and cell cytotoxicity than SAA protein.It is estimated that 420,600 Canadians over 65 have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, and 280,000 have Alzheimer’s disease. The number of people in Canada with dementia is expected to grow by the year 2031 to over 3/4 million people due to the aging population. It could become even more widespread, over the next 30 years, as Canada’s 10 million baby boomers turn 65 and head straight into the age of highest risk for Alzheimer’s disease [1].T sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a ligand-operated molecular chaperone localized on endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and plasma membranes. Its activation modulates IP3 receptor-dependent Ca2+ mobilizations, facilitates the activation of ER stress sensor proteins and kinase pathways. Under chronic activation, it also recomposes lipid domains in membranes which are highly functionalized domains. Interestingly the chaperone can be directly activated (or inactivated) by several classes of ligands. These S1R agonists are potent neuromodulatory and neuro protective drugs in different neurodegenerative insults and pathologies (stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, ALS). We examine the involvement of the S1R in AD pathology and validate selective or non-selective S1R agonists as neuro protective agents. First, we analyzed the impact of S1R invalidation (using S1R KO mice) on the vulnerability to AD pathology. Two main AD models were used, a non-transgenic model by direct ICV injection of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) protein fragments (Aβ25-35) in mice and transgenic lines over expressing hAPPSwe or hAPPSwe Ind. We observed that AD toxicity and behavioral deficits are significantly amplified in S1R KO mice injected with Aβ25-35 and in S1R KO×hAPPm lines. Second, we showed the protective potency of S1R agonists and mixed muscarinic / S1R ligands in AD models. The pathology was analyzed in terms of ER and oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage, cell loss, memory deficits, increased APP processing and TAU hyper phosphorylation. We therefore confirmed the role of endogenous neuro protection system in neurodegenerative processes and identified S1R agonists as potent neuro protective and putatively disease-modifying agents.T paper will establish through an examination of neurobiology the how and why the creative art therapies most effectively be utilized in the treatment with those individuals afflicted with early to middle stages of dementia specifically Alzheimer’s disease which currently comprises approximately 80% of all dementia’s. An in-depth overview on how Therapeutic Thematic Arts Programming© (TTAP Method) stimulates both right and left brain functioning in the early stages to middle stages of Alzheimer’s disease will be analyzed from various clinical studies done in 2011, 2012 and 2013. This paper will cover the most recent and basic functional organization of the brain, neuroplasticity including neurons, neurotransmitters and areas of the brain involved in transforming perceptual inputs into physiological responses and behaviors. A review the innovative new methodology, the TTAP Method© which utilizes person centered themes within the therapeutic process to engaged participants in a twelve step process that incorporates mediation and mindfulness, drawing, sculpture, movement, phototherapy and other forms of the creative arts into an ongoing enriching non-pharmaceutical approach for this special and rapidly growing population. This method substantiates how art therapy is quickly becoming a powerful window into brain functioning and self-discovery. Examples of current research studies utilizing this innovative method with the Alzheimer’s population will be presented from the United States and Finland.