Maitane Arnoso Martinez

Deliberate Rumination and Positive Reappraisal as Serial Mediators Between Life Impact and Posttraumatic Growth in Victims of State Terrorism in Chile (1973-1990)

This study examines the role of coping strategies related to positive reappraisal versus other cognitive strategies (deliberate rumination) as mediators between life impact and posttraumatic growth in survivors of the military dictatorship in Chile between 1973 and 1990 (tortured political prisoners and family members of political prisoners executed and missing). Survey data from 251 political violence survivors were analyzed using the SPSS PROCESS macro for bootstrapping indirect effects (Hayes, 2013). Results indicated that positive reappraisal (or reframing) coping mediated the relationship between life impact and posttraumatic growth. A serial multiple mediation model indicates that in the life impact to growth moderation process, rumination must be followed by positive reappraisal to drive this growth. These findings suggest that positive reappraisal of the traumatic experience is essential to achieve growth reports. Implications of these more complex relations are discussed for both counseling inter...This study examines the role of coping strategies related to positive reappraisal versus other cognitive strategies (deliberate rumination) as mediators between life impact and posttraumatic growth in survivors of the military dictatorship in Chile between 1973 and 1990 (tortured political prisoners and family members of political prisoners executed and missing). Survey data from 251 political violence survivors were analyzed using the SPSS PROCESS macro for bootstrapping indirect effects (Hayes, 2013). Results indicated that positive reappraisal (or reframing) coping mediated the relationship between life impact and posttraumatic growth. A serial multiple mediation model indicates that in the life impact to growth moderation process, rumination must be followed by positive reappraisal to drive this growth. These findings suggest that positive reappraisal of the traumatic experience is essential to achieve growth reports. Implications of these more complex relations are discussed for both counseling interventions and further research.

Representaciones sociales del pasado y rituales de justicia transicional en América Latina

This article analyzed 5 surveys conducted in Latin American countries (N = 4900) regarding how people perceive and cope with collective violence during dictatorship periods. There is general agreement on the need to remember the past, where victims of collective violence and the left-wing showed a more positive attitude, reporting the necessity of sharing the facts and having a more positive evaluation of measures of transitional justice. Even when official apologies show a critical perception, a positive view of them is associated with a better perception of the emotional climate. While the sincerity and perceived effectiveness of apologies are higher among victims and the left-wing in Argentina and Paraguay, in Chile the opposite is true. Results are discussed in the framework of social representations of the past. JustiCe • Latin america • truth commissions • sociaLEste artigo explorou as opinioes de uma amostra da populacao de cinco paises latino-americanos (N= 4900) no tocante a forma de abordar o passado politico relacionado as violacoes dos direitos humanos. Em geral, constata-se um amplo acordo quanto a necessidade de recordar o passado, sendo esse acordo maior entre as vitimas e as pessoas de esquerda, que, alem disso, manifestam maior necessidade de compartilhar socialmente os fatos e sao as que mais valorizam as medidas de justica transicional implementadas. Embora as desculpas sejam avaliadas de forma critica em geral, uma visao mais positiva das mesmas foi associada a uma melhor percepcao do clima emocional. Enquanto na Argentina e no Paraguai a sinceridade e eficacia percebidas nas desculpas sao maiores entre as vitimas e as pessoas de esquerda, no caso chileno a relacao e inversa. Os resultados sao discutidos no contexto das representacoes sociais do passado.

Social representations of the past and transitional justice in Latin America

This article analyzed 5 surveys conducted in Latin American countries (N = 4900) regarding how people perceive and cope with collective violence during dictatorship periods. There is general agreement on the need to remember the past, where victims of collective violence and the left-wing showed a more positive attitude, reporting the necessity of sharing the facts and having a more positive evaluation of measures of transitional justice. Even when official apologies show a critical perception, a positive view of them is associated with a better perception of the emotional climate. While the sincerity and perceived effectiveness of apologies are higher among victims and the left-wing in Argentina and Paraguay, in Chile the opposite is true. Results are discussed in the framework of social representations of the past. JustiCe • Latin america • truth commissions • sociaLEste artigo explorou as opinioes de uma amostra da populacao de cinco paises latino-americanos (N= 4900) no tocante a forma de abordar o passado politico relacionado as violacoes dos direitos humanos. Em geral, constata-se um amplo acordo quanto a necessidade de recordar o passado, sendo esse acordo maior entre as vitimas e as pessoas de esquerda, que, alem disso, manifestam maior necessidade de compartilhar socialmente os fatos e sao as que mais valorizam as medidas de justica transicional implementadas. Embora as desculpas sejam avaliadas de forma critica em geral, uma visao mais positiva das mesmas foi associada a uma melhor percepcao do clima emocional. Enquanto na Argentina e no Paraguai a sinceridade e eficacia percebidas nas desculpas sao maiores entre as vitimas e as pessoas de esquerda, no caso chileno a relacao e inversa. Os resultados sao discutidos no contexto das representacoes sociais do passado.

Representações sociais do passado e justiça transicional na América Latina

This article analyzed 5 surveys conducted in Latin American countries (N = 4900) regarding how people perceive and cope with collective violence during dictatorship periods. There is general agreement on the need to remember the past, where victims of collective violence and the left-wing showed a more positive attitude, reporting the necessity of sharing the facts and having a more positive evaluation of measures of transitional justice. Even when official apologies show a critical perception, a positive view of them is associated with a better perception of the emotional climate. While the sincerity and perceived effectiveness of apologies are higher among victims and the left-wing in Argentina and Paraguay, in Chile the opposite is true. Results are discussed in the framework of social representations of the past. JustiCe • Latin america • truth commissions • sociaLEste artigo explorou as opinioes de uma amostra da populacao de cinco paises latino-americanos (N= 4900) no tocante a forma de abordar o passado politico relacionado as violacoes dos direitos humanos. Em geral, constata-se um amplo acordo quanto a necessidade de recordar o passado, sendo esse acordo maior entre as vitimas e as pessoas de esquerda, que, alem disso, manifestam maior necessidade de compartilhar socialmente os fatos e sao as que mais valorizam as medidas de justica transicional implementadas. Embora as desculpas sejam avaliadas de forma critica em geral, uma visao mais positiva das mesmas foi associada a uma melhor percepcao do clima emocional. Enquanto na Argentina e no Paraguai a sinceridade e eficacia percebidas nas desculpas sao maiores entre as vitimas e as pessoas de esquerda, no caso chileno a relacao e inversa. Os resultados sao discutidos no contexto das representacoes sociais do passado.