Malcolm K. Sparrow

The application of network analysis to criminal intelligence: An assessment of the prospects

Abstract This paper explores the opportunities for the application of network analytic techniques to the problems of criminal intelligence analysis, paying particular attention to the identification of vulnerabilities in different types of criminal organization — from terrorist groups to narcotics supply networks. A variety of concepts from the network analysis literature are considered in terms of the promise they hold for helping law enforcement agencies extract useful information from existing collections of link data. For example, six different notions of “centrality” and the three major notions of “equivalence” are examined for their relevance in revealing the mechanics and vulnerabilities of criminal enterprises.

A linear algorithm for computing automorphic equivalence classes: the numerical signatures approach

Abstract An efficient method for computing role (automorphic) equivalences in large networks is described. Numerical signatures (real numbers) are generated for each node. Role-identical nodes share common numerical signatures. The decomposition of the node set into classes by reference to the numerical signatures helps determine the automorphic equivalence classes of a network. The technique is applicable to symmetric and directed networks, and to graphs with multiple link types. The algorithm is linear with respect to the number of links in the network. Its theoretical foundation exploits properties of transcendental numbers.

From data warehouse to information craft shop: The changing shape of information support for environmental protection

Abstract Strategies of environmental protection in the U.S. are undergoing significant change. Emphasis is shifting from measures of productivity to measures of environmental quality; from pollution abatement to pollution prevention; from a traditional enforcement mentality to a more creative risk-identification and problem-solving orientation. These shifts in the organizational culture and strategies of U.S. environmental protection agencies have profound effects on the nature of the relationships between federal and state agencies, and upon the kind of information support required. This study examines the State/EPA Data Management Program, a major and nationwide initiative to transform the style of information management within the environmental community. In particular, this study tests the extent to which this initiative serves the emerging strategies, and its effect on interagency cooperation.