Manuel Alcaraz-Ibáñez

Evidence supporting need satisfaction and frustration as two distinguishable constructs

Background: This paper aims to (1) investigate whether psychological need satisfaction and frustration are distinguishable constructs or part of a single continuum, and (2) to develop and validate the Spanish version of the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS). Method: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) were tested using three samples (Ntotal = 959). Results: In all samples, a CFA model specifying satisfaction and frustration of each psychological need as distinguishable constructs fit the data better than models specifying them as part of a continuum, even after including method corrections (CFA) or cross‐loadings (ESEM). Scale score reliabilities were adequate only when the satisfaction and frustration of each need were treated as distinguishable constructs. Conclusions: The paper provides strong support for specifying need satisfaction and frustration as distinguishable but correlated constructs, as well as adequate evidence of dimensionality, reliability and criterion validity for the Spanish version of the NSFS. &NA; Evidencias a favor de considerar satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas como dos constructos diferenciados. Antecedentes: este estudio pretende (1) investigar si satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas pueden ser considerados constructos diferenciados o integrantes de un único continuo, y (2) desarrollar y validar la versión española de la Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS). Método: aplicando técnicas de análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) y ecuaciones estructurales exploratorias (ESEM) diversos modelos fueron testados utilizando tres muestras (Ntotal = 959). Resultados: en todas las muestras, los modelos que consideraban satisfacción y frustración como constructos diferenciados mostraron un mejor ajuste que aquellos que consideraban dichas necesidades como partes de un continuo, incluso después de aplicar correcciones que ajustasen la posible presencia de efectos de método (CFA) o de cargas cruzadas (ESEM). Los valores de fiabilidad fueron adecuados solo cuando satisfacción y frustración fueron tratadas como constructos diferenciados. Conclusiones: se aportan evidencias que apoyan la conveniencia de tratar las percepciones de satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas como constructos diferenciados, así como la adecuada dimensionalidad, fiabilidad, y validez de criterio de la versión española de la NSFS.

Influence of Goal Contents on Exercise Addiction: Analysing the Mediating Effect of Passion for Exercise

Abstract Based on the self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985, 2000), the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise goal contents on exercise addiction, taking into account the mediating effects of passion for exercise. A total of 384 university students (284 men and 100 women; Mage = 20.31, SD = 3.10) completed a questionnaire that measured exercise frequency and intensity, exercise goal contents (e.g. intrinsic: social affiliation, health management, skill development; extrinsic: image and social recognition), passion for exercise (e.g. harmonious and obsessive), and exercise addiction. After controlling the exercise frequency and intensity effects, results showed that goal contents did not directly predict exercise addiction. However, mediation analysis showed that goal contents predicted addiction through passion for exercise. These results support a motivational sequence in which extrinsic versus intrinsic goals influence exercise addiction because such goals are positively associated with obsessive passion for exercise and negatively associated with harmonious passion.

Effects of resistance training on performance in previously trained endurance runners: A systematic review

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to identify, synthesize and evaluate the results of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of resistance training on performance indicators in previously trained endurance runners. A database search was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, OvidSPMedLine, Wiley, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar. In accordance with the PRISMA checklist, 18 published articles dated prior to May 2016 involving 321 endurance runners were reviewed using the PEDro scale. Resistance training led to general improvements in muscular strength, running economy, muscle power factors, and direct performance in distances between 1,500 and 10,000 m. Such improvements were not accompanied by a significant increase in body mass or signs of overtraining. However, improvements did not occur in all cases, suggesting that they might depend on the specific characteristics of the resistance training applied. Although current evidence supports the effectiveness of resistance training to improve performance in already trained endurance runners, the methodological inconsistencies identified suggest that the results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies ought to investigate the benefits of resistance training in endurance runners while considering the existence of possible differentiated effects based on the specific characteristics of the resistance training carried out.

Psychometric evaluation and sex invariance of the Spanish version of the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale

This study examined the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale (BASES; Castonguay et al., 2014) in a sample of university Spanish students. A total of 815 participants enrolled in two public universities located in Almería and Elche, Spain, completed the BASES along with measures of social physique anxiety and positive/negative affect. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that one item failed to load clearly on the hypothesized factor (guilt). Once it was removed, results supported the hypothesized four-factor structure. Evidence of invariance of the four-factor structure across sex was obtained. Scores on the BASES showed adequate internal consistency and acceptable convergent validity. Compared to men, women reported significantly higher body and appearance-related guilt and shame, and significant lower authentic and hubristic pride. Preliminary evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the Spanish translation of the BASES is provided.