Manuela Filter Allgayer

Hepatitis C: evaluation of outcomes and georeferencing of cases in Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil, between 2002 and 2015. A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, with high death rates. The aim here was to analyze case outcomes, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and spatial distribution among patients diagnosed with hepatitis C in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul (RS), Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study on 200 cases of hepatitis C in Santa Cruz do Sul that were notified between 2002 and 2015. METHODS Secondary data including sociodemographic and clinical variables and type of outcome (death, follow-up, abandonment or clinical cure) were gathered. The spatial distribution analysis on hepatitis C virus cases according to outcome was based on information regarding residential address. RESULTS 58.5% of the patients were 41 years of age and over, 67% were males and 92.5% had the chronic form of the disease. The most frequent transmission route was illicit drug injection (29%); 15.1% of the patients presented coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Regarding outcomes, 31% achieved clinical cure, 10% died and 20% abandoned follow-up. The cases studied were mainly located in regions of the city characterized by lower socioeconomic status, with high frequency of places used for drug trafficking. CONCLUSION The population consisted of adults aged 41 years and over, mostly with chronic hepatitis C. The most common transmission routes were illicit drug injection and blood transfusions. There were high rates of HIV coinfection and abandonment of disease monitoring and predominance of cases in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status.

Tuberculosis entre los profesionales de las prisiones en Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivo: avaliar o risco de infeccao e adoecimento por Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre profissionais de saude e de seguranca em casas penitenciarias de duas regioes do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Metodo: estudo transversal, envolvendo profissionais de penitenciarias. Foi realizada uma entrevista, baciloscopia e cultura de escarro. A infeccao latente foi avaliada de acordo com o resultado do teste tuberculinico (TT), auto-referido. Resultados: entre os trabalhadores que realizaram o TT na regiao central, 10 (83,3%) foram considerados reatores; e na regiao sul, 2 (16,7%). O tempo de trabalho entre os agentes penitenciarios reatores ao TT foi 15,3 anos e entre os trabalhadores da saude 4,1 anos (p = 0,01). Nao foram identificados casos de Tuberculose (TB) ativa. Conclusao: a prevalencia de TB latente foi 27,9%. O tempo de trabalho entre as diferentes categorias profissionais e a regiao em que trabalham foram considerados fator de risco para TB latente.OBJECTIVE to evaluate the risk of infection and illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis among health care and security staff in prisons in two regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). METHOD cross-sectional study involving prison staff. An interview and sputum smear microscopy and culture were performed. Latent infection was evaluated according to the result of the tuberculin test (TT), self-referred. RESULTS among staff who had a TT, 10 (83.3%) in the central region and 2 (16.7%) in the southern region were considered reactors. Length of employment among prison officers who reacted to TT was 15.3 years, and among health care workers, 4.1 years (p = 0.01). No cases of active tuberculosis (TB) were identified. CONCLUSION prevalence of latent TB was 27.9%. Length of employment between different professional categories and their working regions was considered a risk factor for latent TB.

Tuberculose entre profissionais de penitenciárias do Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivo: avaliar o risco de infeccao e adoecimento por Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre profissionais de saude e de seguranca em casas penitenciarias de duas regioes do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Metodo: estudo transversal, envolvendo profissionais de penitenciarias. Foi realizada uma entrevista, baciloscopia e cultura de escarro. A infeccao latente foi avaliada de acordo com o resultado do teste tuberculinico (TT), auto-referido. Resultados: entre os trabalhadores que realizaram o TT na regiao central, 10 (83,3%) foram considerados reatores; e na regiao sul, 2 (16,7%). O tempo de trabalho entre os agentes penitenciarios reatores ao TT foi 15,3 anos e entre os trabalhadores da saude 4,1 anos (p = 0,01). Nao foram identificados casos de Tuberculose (TB) ativa. Conclusao: a prevalencia de TB latente foi 27,9%. O tempo de trabalho entre as diferentes categorias profissionais e a regiao em que trabalham foram considerados fator de risco para TB latente.OBJECTIVE to evaluate the risk of infection and illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis among health care and security staff in prisons in two regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). METHOD cross-sectional study involving prison staff. An interview and sputum smear microscopy and culture were performed. Latent infection was evaluated according to the result of the tuberculin test (TT), self-referred. RESULTS among staff who had a TT, 10 (83.3%) in the central region and 2 (16.7%) in the southern region were considered reactors. Length of employment among prison officers who reacted to TT was 15.3 years, and among health care workers, 4.1 years (p = 0.01). No cases of active tuberculosis (TB) were identified. CONCLUSION prevalence of latent TB was 27.9%. Length of employment between different professional categories and their working regions was considered a risk factor for latent TB.

Tuberculosis among prison staff in Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivo: avaliar o risco de infeccao e adoecimento por Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre profissionais de saude e de seguranca em casas penitenciarias de duas regioes do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Metodo: estudo transversal, envolvendo profissionais de penitenciarias. Foi realizada uma entrevista, baciloscopia e cultura de escarro. A infeccao latente foi avaliada de acordo com o resultado do teste tuberculinico (TT), auto-referido. Resultados: entre os trabalhadores que realizaram o TT na regiao central, 10 (83,3%) foram considerados reatores; e na regiao sul, 2 (16,7%). O tempo de trabalho entre os agentes penitenciarios reatores ao TT foi 15,3 anos e entre os trabalhadores da saude 4,1 anos (p = 0,01). Nao foram identificados casos de Tuberculose (TB) ativa. Conclusao: a prevalencia de TB latente foi 27,9%. O tempo de trabalho entre as diferentes categorias profissionais e a regiao em que trabalham foram considerados fator de risco para TB latente.OBJECTIVE to evaluate the risk of infection and illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis among health care and security staff in prisons in two regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). METHOD cross-sectional study involving prison staff. An interview and sputum smear microscopy and culture were performed. Latent infection was evaluated according to the result of the tuberculin test (TT), self-referred. RESULTS among staff who had a TT, 10 (83.3%) in the central region and 2 (16.7%) in the southern region were considered reactors. Length of employment among prison officers who reacted to TT was 15.3 years, and among health care workers, 4.1 years (p = 0.01). No cases of active tuberculosis (TB) were identified. CONCLUSION prevalence of latent TB was 27.9%. Length of employment between different professional categories and their working regions was considered a risk factor for latent TB.