Manuela Schwalbe

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) induces sequential changes of Id gene expression in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7.

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in the development of various organs including the mammary gland. They are well-regulated and act in a time-, concentration- and cell-type-specific manner. We found that BMP-2 is expressed in primary breast tumor tissue samples and in breast cancer cell lines. Hybridization of labeled cDNA, obtained from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, against the Atlas human cDNA expression array revealed differential gene expression depending on BMP-2 treatment. The most prominent changes were observed for the helix-loop-helix proteins Id-1, Id-2 and Id-3. Id-1 expression had increased severalfold after 4 h and was even higher after 24 h. Id-2 and Id-3 were more strongly induced after 4 h and showed no further significant change after 24 h. Analysis of cell-cycle distribution revealed a marked increase of the sub-G1 phase after 48 h in serum-deprived cells. In the presence of BMP-2 no change was observed over 48 h indicating that BMP-2 does not induce apoptosis. In addition, expression of caspase-3 was reduced in BMP-2-treated cells after 24 h. In summary, our results clearly indicate that BMP-2 is a susceptibility factor keeping the cells ready for the integration of various other signals for cell progression.

Improvement of the separation of tumour cells from peripheral blood cells using magnetic nanoparticles

Circulating tumour cells are a key challenge in tumour therapy. Numerous approaches are on the way to achieving the elimination of these potential sources of metastasis formation. Antibody-directed magnetic cell sorting is supposed to enrich tumour cells with high selectivity, but low efficiency. The short term application of carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) coated magnetit/maghemit nanoparticles allows the discrimination of tumour cells from leukocytes. In the present work we show that the interaction of CMD nanoparticles is cell-type specific and time dependent. The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the CML cell line K-562 are characterized by a rapid and high interaction rate, whereas leukocytes exhibit a decelerated behaviour. The addition of carboxymethyl dextran or glucose stimulated the magnetic labelling of leukocytes. The variation of the degree of substitution of dextran with carboxymethyl groups did not affect the labelling profile of leukocytes and MCF-7 cells. In order to verify the in vitro results, whole blood samples from 13 cancer patients were analysed ex vivo. Incubation of the purified leukocyte fraction with CMD nanoparticles in the presence of low amounts of plasma reduced the overall cell content in the positive fraction. In contrast, the absolute number of residual tumour cells in the positive fraction was 90% of the initial amount.