Marc J. Assael

Thermal conductivity of suspensions of carbon nanotubes in water

The enhancement of the thermal conductivity of water in the presence of carbon-multiwall nanotubes (C-MWNT) was investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was employed as the dispersant, and a 0.6 vol% suspension of C-MWNT in water was used in all measurements. The thermal conductivity was measured with a transient hot-wire instrument built for this purpose, and operated with a standard uncertainty better than 2 The maximum thermal conductivity enhancement obtained was 38 %. In an attempt to explain the experimental observations, a number of micro-structural investigations have been carried out and those results are presented here along with the analysis.

Standard Reference Data for the Thermal Conductivity of Water

New experimental data on the thermal conductivity of liquid water along the saturation line have been obtained recently, using the bare and coated transient hot wire technique, with high accuracy. The quality of the data is such that new standard reference values can be proposed with confidence limits of 0.7% at a 95% confidence level. These data and the correlation herein presented revise a previous correlation endorsed by IUPAC.

Reference Data for the Density and Viscosity of Liquid Aluminum and Liquid Iron

The available experimental data for the density and viscosity of liquid aluminum and iron have been critically examined with the intention of establishing a density and a viscosity standard. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement specified by a series of criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the density of the aluminum and iron are characterized by standard deviations of 0.65% and 0.77% at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The overall uncertainty in the absolute values of the density is estimated to be one of ±0.7% for aluminum and 0.8% for iron, which is worse than that of the most optimistic claims but recognizes the unexplained discrepancies between different methods. The standard reference correlations for the viscosity of aluminum and iron are characterized by standard deviations of 13.7% and 5.7% at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The uncertainty in the absolute values of the viscosity of the two metals is thought to be no larger than the scatter between measurements made with different techniques and so can be said to be ±14% in the case of aluminum and ±6% in the case of iron.

New International Formulation for the Viscosity of H2O

The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) encouraged an extensive research effort to update the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance, leading to the adoption of a Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2008 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance. This manuscript describes the development and evaluation of the 2008 formulation, which provides a correlating equation for the viscosity of water for fluid states up to 1173K and 1000MPa with uncertainties from less than 1% to 7% depending on the state point.

Correlation and prediction of dense fluid transport coefficients. I. n-alkanes

A previously described method, based on considerations of hard-sphere theory, is used for the simultaneous correlation of the coefficients of viscosity, self-diffusion, and thermal conductivity for then-alcohols, from methanol ton-decanol, in excellent agreement with experiment, over extended temperature and pressure ranges. Generalized correlations are given for the roughness factors and the characteristic volume. The overall average absolute deviations of the experimental viscosity, self-diffusion, and thermal conductivity measurements from those calculated by the correlation are 2.4, 2.6, and 2.0%, respectively. Since the proposed scheme is based on accurate density values, a Tait-type equation was also employed to correlate successfully the density of then-alcohols. The overall average absolute deviation of the experimental density measurements from those calculated by the correlation is ±0.05%.

Reference Data for the Density and Viscosity of Liquid Copper and Liquid Tin

The available experimental data for the density and viscosity of liquid copper and tin have been critically examined with the intention of establishing a density and a viscosity standard. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement specified by a series of criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the density of copper and tin are characterized by standard deviations of 1.3% and 1.0% at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The standard reference correlations for the viscosity of copper and tin are characterized by standard deviations of 6.3% and 20% at the 95% confidence level, respectively.

Correlation and prediction of dense fluid transport coefficients: II. Simple molecular fluids

Abstract A previously-described method is used for the simultaneous correlation of the coefficients of selfdiffusion, viscosity and thermal conductivity for acetonitrile, carbon disulphide, tetrachloromethane, cyclohexane, ethene and trichloromethane at densities above the critical density. The method, which has been developed from consideration of exact hard-sphere theory of transport properties, introduces just two molecular parameters; a characteristic volume v 0 and a roughness factor R, which take into account departure from spherical shape and molecular roughness. Values are given for these parameters. For a given compound, V 0 is temperature dependent but has the same value, at a given temperature, for the different properties. The R factor has a different value for each property, but these are independent of temperature and density.

Standard Reference Data for the Viscosity of Toluene

Viscosity is an important transport property for the optimum design of a chemical process plant and for the development of molecular theories of the liquid state. A large amount of experimental viscosity data has been produced for all types of liquids, from alternative refrigerants to molten salts and molten metals. The accuracy of these data is related to the operating conditions of the instrument and, for this purpose as well as for the calibration of relative instruments, standard reference data for viscosity are necessary over a wide range of temperatures. New experimental data on the viscosity of liquid toluene along the saturation line have been obtained recently, mostly at low temperatures. The quality of the data is such that recommended values can be proposed with uncertainties of 0.5% (95% confidence level) for 260 K⩽T⩽370 K and 2% for 210 K⩽T<260 K and 370 K<T⩽400 K. A discussion about the uncertainties in the measurements and about the purity of the samples is made. The proposed value for the ...

Reference Data for the Density and Viscosity of Liquid Cadmium, Cobalt, Gallium, Indium, Mercury, Silicon, Thallium, and Zinc

The available experimental data for the density and viscosity of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, mercury, silicon, thallium, and zinc have been critically examined with the intention of establishing both a density and a viscosity standard. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement, the technique employed and the presentation of the data, as specified by a series of criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the density of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, silicon, thallium, and zinc are characterized by percent deviations at the 95% confidence level of 0.6, 2.1, 0.4, 0.5, 2.2, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively. In the case of mercury, since density reference values already exist, no further work was carried out. The standard reference correlations for the viscosity of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, mercury, silicon, thallium, and zinc are characterized by percent deviations at the 95% confidence level of 9.4, 14.0, 13.5, 2.1, 7.3, 15.7, 5.1, and 9.3, respectively.

Thermophysical Properties of Fluids: An Introduction to Their Prediction

Part 1 Equilibrium properties: the partition function the perfect gas the intermolecular potential the virial equation corresponding states equations of state activity coefficient models phase-equilibrium calculations. Part 2 Transport properties: transport-properties surfaces calculation of transport properties. Appendices: tables of property values configurational, residual and excess properties.