Marcela Maria Pandolfi

Fatores associados a alteração da linguagem em crianças pré-escolares

PURPOSE: To identify factors related to language disorders among social and nutritional variables in preschoolers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with 126 children from the south region of the city of Sao Paulo, with ages ranging from 6 months to 6 years. The Denver II Developmental Screening Test was administered to detect the risk for language disorders. The test results were compared to the following variables: age, gender, mothers level of education, child nutritional status, number and order of childrens birth, and anemia. Results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:According to the Denver II test, 18.3% of the 126 participants were at risk for language disorders, and 9.5% presented anemia. No differences were found between risk and non-risk groups regarding age, nutritional status, gender, and mothers education. Differences were found between groups regarding number of children per family, birth order, and presence of anemia. CONCLUSION: The risk for disorders in language acquisition and development was higher in the group with anemia, in the eldest children, and in the children with less than four siblings. Similar studies are necessary to detect possible deviations in language development and, consequently, in the childs learning process and future social performance.

Timing of school meals as a predisposing factor for childhood overweight and obesity

Aims Childhood obesity is emerging as a relevant public health concern because a significant proportion of obese children will become obese in adulthood. The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased in developed and developing nations. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from primary schools in an urban–rural peripheral region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with 2039 6- to 10-year-old children. The body mass index in z-scores (BMI z-score) were measured and tested for possible associations between variables such as gender, age, school grade and time of day. Results The average age of the children was 8.5 years. We found a higher frequency of overweight children (16.4%) than obese children. There were no differences observed between schools. In the overweight group, we found higher z-scores in children from the first and third grades and no differences in the obese group. Moreover, the BMI z-score was higher in the overweight children in the first time of day and for the obese children in the third time of day. Conclusions The children studied in the third time of day (3–7 p.m.) had a high BMI z-score. Being overweight was more prevalent than obesity in children. Moreover, the frequency of obesity in boys was higher than in girls. Anthropometric surveillance of obesity and lifestyle changes are necessary to control excessive weight gain in childhood.

Desnutrição em escolares em região urbano-rural do extremo sul do município de São Paulo

Objetivo:Verificar a persistencia do deficit nutricional em amostra de escolares.Metodos:Estudo transversal com 1.761 escolares de 6 a 10 anos provenientes de 3 escolas de ensino fundamental. Foram avaliados pelos escores Z de peso/estatura e estatura/idade, segundo a Organizacao Mundial da Saude. As variaveis estudadas foram: genero, idade, serie e periodo escolar. O teste do χ² relacionou o deficit nutricional com as variaveis.Resultados:Segundo o escore Z de peso/estatura 8,5% eram desnutridas; 21,6% de acordo com estatura/idade. A analise do escore Z de peso/estatura revelou que 59,7% eram meninos e 40,3% meninas. A media de idade foi de 8,9 anos. Quanto ao escore Z de estatura/idade 53,9% eram do genero masculino e 46,1% do genero feminino. O risco de desnutricao foi maior entre os meninos: 59,7% para o indice peso/estatura e 53,9% para o estatura/idade. Nao houve diferenca estatistica na comparacao entre as escolas, o genero e o periodo escolar. Ja entre estado nutricional, periodo (p < 0,0001) e serie dos escolares (p = 0,0105), observamos significância.Conclusao:A desnutricao ainda e persistente entre a populacao de baixa renda e o genero masculino apresentou maior prevalencia. Pode-se considerar que a avaliacao nutricional e uma ferramenta de extrema importância para compreensao da dinâmica nutricional de criancas e seu desenvolvimento.

1434 Obesity and Overweight in a Lowincome School Population of SãO Paulo, Brazil

Objective: To examine in a sample of students from a region of low socioeconomic status, the obesity and overweight. Method: cross-sectional study of 1761 schoolchildren between 6 and 10 years from three schools in Parelheiros. Were assessed by z scores of weight for height, according to World Health Organization The variables studied were: gender, age, grade and school year. We used the chi-square to relate the obesity and overweight with the variables. Results: Of 1761 children studied 7,6% were obese and overwheigt according to z score P/E. The analysis of z score P/E revealed that 60,0% were male and 40,0% female. The mean age was 8.9 years. The risk of overweight was higher among boys: 41,2% for the index P/E. There was no statistically significant difference between the schools, gender and school year and school period. Among obesity and overweight, the school year and school period (P < 0.0001) were observed statistical significance. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are a growing problem in the low income population by its food, customs and lack of information. From the analysis in the region, one can consider that the nutritional assessment of school - the anthropometric technique in particular - is an extremely important tool for understanding the dynamics of child nutrition and development.

1435 Lipid, Alimentary and Physical Activity Profile of Obese Children Treated at a University Hospital

1435 Lipid, Alimentary and Physical Activity Profile of Obese Children Treated at a University Hospital