Marcelo de Castro Cesar

The effects of green tea consumption and resistance training on body composition and resting metabolic rate in overweight or obese women

Green tea has been shown to have thermogenic and antiobesity properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate its effect on weight loss in humans, especially in women. We investigated the effects of green tea consumption combined with resistance training on the body composition and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in women who were overweight or obese (grade I). After 4 weeks on an adaptive diet, 36 women were divided into four groups (group 1 green tea; group 2 placebo; group 3 green tea plus resistance training; group 4 placebo plus resistance training). The study was double-blinded and placebo-controlled. The RMR and body composition were ascertained for each volunteer, blood tests were performed, and subjects in groups 3 and 4 were tested for their one repetition maximum. Each subject followed the protocol and continued the diet for eight additional weeks, and periodic evaluations were administered. The mean RMR of group 1 decreased significantly and was accompanied by weight loss, maintenance of lean body mass, and decreases in both waist circumference and body mass index. Group 2 showed no variations in anthropometric or blood variables and significantly decreased their mean RMR. Group 3 showed significant increases in RMR, lean body mass, and muscle strength, and significant decreases in body fat, triglycerides, and waist circumference as compared to group 4. Green tea combined with resistance training its potential is increased with decreasing body fat, waist circumference, and triacylglyceride levels and by increasing lean body mass and muscle strength.

Efeitos do treinamento de resistência de força com alto número de repetições no consumo máximo de oxigênio e limiar ventilatório de mulheres

The effects of strength training on womens cardiorespiratory capacity have not been widely established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance strength training with high number of repetitions on maximum oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold in young women during 12 weeks. Twenty women, aged 21.2 + 2.7 years, were included in the study and assigned to two groups: I - resistance strength training with high number of repetitions group (TG, n = 10), and II - control group (CG, n = 10). All volunteers were submitted to the following protocol: anthropometry, cardiopulmonary testing on treadmill and 1 RM tests in the following exercises: leg-press 45o, seated leg extension, hamstring curl, bench press, lat pull-down, military press, standing barbell curls and lying barbell extension. The tests were performed before and after 12 weeks of training. Along the proposed period, the groups performed: I -TG: resistance exercises, the same of 1 RM tests, with three series of 25 repetitions, almost 30% of 1 RM; II - CG: no physical training whatsoever. CG did not show changes in the studied variables (p 0.05) after 12 weeks. It is concluded that the resistance strength training with high number of repetitions improved the aerobic power of volunteers, evidenced by the increase of maximum oxygen uptake. However, the ventilatory threshold did not change.

Effect of low-dose combined oral contraceptive on aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold level in active and sedentary young women

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term use of oral contraceptives (OC) containing 0.20 mg of ethinylestradiol (EE) combined with 0.15 mg of gestodene (GEST) on the peak aerobic capacity and at the anaerobic threshold (AT) level in active and sedentary young women. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-eight women (23+/-2.1 years old) were divided into four groups - active-OC (G1), active-NOC (G2), sedentary-OC (G3) and sedentary-NOC (G4) - and were submitted to a continuous ergospirometric incremental test on a cycloergometer with 20 to 25 W min(-1) increments. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. Level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS The OC use effect for the variables relative and absolute oxygen uptake VO(2) mL kg-(1) min(-1); VO(2), L min(-1), respectively), carbon dioxide output (VCO(2), L min(-1)), ventilation (VE, L min(-1)), heart rate (HR, bpm), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and power output (W) data, as well as the interaction between OC use and exercise effect on the peak of test and at the AT level did not differ significantly between the active groups (G1 and G2) and the sedentary groups (G3 and G4). As to the exercise effect, for all variables studied, it was noted that the active groups presented higher values for the variables VO(2), VCO(2), VE and power output (p<.05) than the sedentary groups. The RER and HR were similar (p>.05) at the peak and at the AT level between G1 vs. G3 and G2 vs. G4. CONCLUSIONS Long-term use of OC containing EE 0.20 mg plus GEST 0.15 mg does not affect aerobic capacity at the peak and at the AT level of exercise tests.

The Effect Of Local Muscle Endurance Training on Cardiorespiratory Capacity in Young Women

Cesar, MC, Borin, JP, Gonelli, PRG, Simões, RA, Souza, TMF, and Montebelo, MIL. The effect of local muscle endurance training on cardiorespiratory capacity in young women. J Strength Cond Res 23(6): 1637-1643, 2009-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local muscle endurance training on maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold in young women. Nineteen untrained women, ranging in age from 18 to 26 years, were included in the study and assigned to two groups: the control group (n = 10), and the resistance training group (n = 9). The following variables were obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks: body mass; maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen pulse, oxygen uptake at the ventilatory threshold, heart rate at the ventilatory threshold, and oxygen pulse at the ventilatory threshold assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmill; 1-repetition maximum (RM) tests in bench press, latissimus pull down, military press, lying barbell extension, standing barbell curls, leg press, knee extension, and hamstring curl. The training group underwent resistance strength training. Loading during training followed the concept of maximum repetitions. Each session was defined as the performance of three sets of 15RM with a 60-second rest between sets and exercises. No significant changes were observed in the control group before and after 12 weeks (p > 0.05). All 1RM tests increased after training (p ≤ 0.01) in the training group, but no significant change was observed in body mass (p > 0.05). Cardiopulmonary variables showed no significant differences before and after resistance training (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that the local muscle endurance training realized produces no improvement in cardiorespiratory capacity in young women.

Effects of the neuromuscular training in the cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of female volleyball athletes

As respostas do organismo humano submetido a estimulos diversos, mensuradas atraves de parâmetros de performance, tem sido objeto de estudo a fim de aprimorar os metodos de treinamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do treinamento neuromuscular na capacidade cardiorrespiratoria e composicao corporal de atletas de voleibol. Foram avaliadas 11 mulheres, antes e apos 12 semanas de treinamento, referente a fase preparatoria do ciclo anual de treinamento. O protocolo experimental constou de avaliacao da composicao corporal (percentual de gordura, massa magra e a gordura corporal) e da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria por meio de ergoespirometria em esteira rolante com protocolo continuo e carga crescente, na qual se determinaram o consumo maximo de oxigenio, a frequencia cardiaca maxima, o limiar anaerobio, a frequencia cardiaca do limiar anaerobio e a velocidade do limiar anaerobio. O treinamento teve frequencia de cinco dias por semana dividido em duas sessoes: uma de treinamento de forca e outra de treinamento tecnico e tatico. Apos o periodo estudado ocorreram aumentos (p < 0,05) no consumo maximo de oxigenio (6,5%), no limiar anaerobio (17,5%), na velocidade do limiar (15,3%) e reducao (p < 0,05) na frequencia cardiaca maxima (-3,1%). Tambem houve reducao (p < 0,05) no percentual de gordura (-8,2%), na gordura corporal (-7,4%) e aumento (p < 0,05) na massa magra (3,2%). Conclui-se que o treinamento neuromuscular realizado na fase preparatoria de treinamento contribuiu para o aumento da capacidade cardiorrespiratoria e massa magra e para reducao do percentual de gordura e a gordura corporal das atletas de voleibol.

Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease

Background: Autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity are involved in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise training has been shown to confer a cardiovascular benefit. Objective: To evaluate the effects that interval training (IT) based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) has on heart rate variability (HRV) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as the relationship between both levels, in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors (RF). Method: Forty-two men (aged 57.88±6.20 years) were divided into two training groups, CAD-T (n= 12) and RF-T (n= 10), and two control groups, CAD-C (n= 10) and RF-C (n=10). Heart rate and RR intervals in the supine position, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and hs-CRP levels were measured before and after IT. HRV was analyzed by spectral and symbolic analysis. The CAD-T and RF-T underwent a 16-week IT program of three weekly sessions at training intensities based on the VAT. Results: In the RF-T, cardiac sympathetic modulation index and hs-CRP decreased (p<0.02), while cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased (p<0.02). In the CAD-T, cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased, while hs-CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures decreased (p<0.02). Both control groups showed increase in hs-CRP parameters (p<0.02). There was a strong and significant association between parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations with hs-CRP. Conclusion: The IT program based on the VAT promoted a decrease in hs-CRP associated with improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation.

Avaliação da atenção primária no município de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o funcionamento da rede de Atencao Basica do municipio de Piracicaba, SP. Foram realizadas 69 entrevistas, 37 com profissionais de saude das Unidades de Saude da Familia (USF), 23 das Unidades Basicas de Saude (UBS) e nove gestores, utilizando-se o Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool). As USF apresentaram maiores valores que as UBS para vinculo, elenco de servicos, enfoque familiar, orientacao para comunidade e total da Atencao Basica. Os gestores apresentaram maior valor para acesso que os profissionais das unidades. As USF apresentam melhor funcionamento que as UBS, mas os resultados para acesso sugerem que esta dimensao nao foi melhorada com a USF.

O professor de educação física no Sistema Único de Saúde: sua prática e resultados - estudo de revisão

O estudo teve como objetivo realizar revisao sistematica da literatura referente ao trabalho do professor de Educacao Fisica no Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS), com enfase na sua pratica e nos resultados que dela decorrem. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Google Academico, Scielo, Pubmed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saude. O processo de selecao resultou em 13 publicacoes para o estudo de revisao. As experiencias indicam resultados positivos para a promocao da saude e a qualidade de vida das pessoas, inclusive com reducao dos gastos do setor saude. A formacao em Educacao Fisica precisa se adequar para a realidade pratica de trabalho do professor de Educacao Fisica no SUS ampliando os espacos formadores das disciplinas e dos estagios.

EFFECT OF PRE-SEASON PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE SOCCER ATHLETES

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.

EFEITO DA PRÉ-TEMPORADA NO DESEMPENHO DE ATLETAS DE FUTEBOL FEMININO

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.